1 /**
2  * Compiler implementation of the
3  * $(LINK2 http://www.dlang.org, D programming language).
4  *
5  * Copyright:   Copyright (C) 1984-1998 by Symantec
6  *              Copyright (C) 2000-2021 by The D Language Foundation, All Rights Reserved
7  * Authors:     $(LINK2 http://www.digitalmars.com, Walter Bright)
8  * License:     $(LINK2 http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt, Boost License 1.0)
9  * Source:      $(LINK2 https://github.com/dlang/dmd/blob/master/src/dmd/backend/cod1.d, backend/cod1.d)
10  * Coverage:    https://codecov.io/gh/dlang/dmd/src/master/src/dmd/backend/cod1.d
11  */
12 
13 module dmd.backend.cod1;
14 
15 version (SCPP)
16     version = COMPILE;
17 version (MARS)
18     version = COMPILE;
19 
20 version (COMPILE)
21 {
22 
23 import core.stdc.stdio;
24 import core.stdc.stdlib;
25 import core.stdc.string;
26 
27 import dmd.backend.backend;
28 import dmd.backend.cc;
29 import dmd.backend.cdef;
30 import dmd.backend.code;
31 import dmd.backend.code_x86;
32 import dmd.backend.codebuilder;
33 import dmd.backend.mem;
34 import dmd.backend.el;
35 import dmd.backend.exh;
36 import dmd.backend.global;
37 import dmd.backend.obj;
38 import dmd.backend.oper;
39 import dmd.backend.rtlsym;
40 import dmd.backend.ty;
41 import dmd.backend.type;
42 import dmd.backend.xmm;
43 
44 extern (C++):
45 
46 nothrow:
47 
48 int REGSIZE();
49 
50 extern __gshared CGstate cgstate;
51 extern __gshared ubyte[FLMAX] segfl;
52 extern __gshared bool[FLMAX] stackfl;
53 
54 private extern (D) uint mask(uint m) { return 1 << m; }
55 
56 private void genorreg(ref CodeBuilder c, uint t, uint f) { genregs(c, 0x09, f, t); }
57 
58 /* array to convert from index register to r/m field    */
59                                        /* AX CX DX BX SP BP SI DI       */
60 private __gshared const byte[8] regtorm32 =   [  0, 1, 2, 3,-1, 5, 6, 7 ];
61 __gshared const   byte[8] regtorm   =   [ -1,-1,-1, 7,-1, 6, 4, 5 ];
62 
63 targ_size_t paramsize(elem *e, tym_t tyf);
64 //void funccall(ref CodeBuilder cdb,elem *e,uint numpara,uint numalign,
65 //        regm_t *pretregs,regm_t keepmsk, bool usefuncarg);
66 
67 /*********************************
68  * Determine if we should leave parameter `s` in the register it
69  * came in, or allocate a register it using the register
70  * allocator.
71  * Params:
72  *      s = parameter Symbol
73  * Returns:
74  *      `true` if `s` is a register parameter and leave it in the register it came in
75  */
76 bool regParamInPreg(Symbol* s)
77 {
78     //printf("regPAramInPreg %s\n", s.Sident.ptr);
79     return (s.Sclass == SCfastpar || s.Sclass == SCshadowreg) &&
80         (!(config.flags4 & CFG4optimized) || !(s.Sflags & GTregcand));
81 }
82 
83 
84 /**************************
85  * Determine if e is a 32 bit scaled index addressing mode.
86  * Returns:
87  *      0       not a scaled index addressing mode
88  *      !=0     the value for ss in the SIB byte
89  */
90 
91 int isscaledindex(elem *e)
92 {
93     targ_uns ss;
94 
95     assert(!I16);
96     while (e.Eoper == OPcomma)
97         e = e.EV.E2;
98     if (!(e.Eoper == OPshl && !e.Ecount &&
99           e.EV.E2.Eoper == OPconst &&
100           (ss = e.EV.E2.EV.Vuns) <= 3
101          )
102        )
103         ss = 0;
104     return ss;
105 }
106 
107 /*********************************************
108  * Generate code for which isscaledindex(e) returned a non-zero result.
109  */
110 
111 /*private*/ void cdisscaledindex(ref CodeBuilder cdb,elem *e,regm_t *pidxregs,regm_t keepmsk)
112 {
113     // Load index register with result of e.EV.E1
114     while (e.Eoper == OPcomma)
115     {
116         regm_t r = 0;
117         scodelem(cdb, e.EV.E1, &r, keepmsk, true);
118         freenode(e);
119         e = e.EV.E2;
120     }
121     assert(e.Eoper == OPshl);
122     scodelem(cdb, e.EV.E1, pidxregs, keepmsk, true);
123     freenode(e.EV.E2);
124     freenode(e);
125 }
126 
127 /***********************************
128  * Determine index if we can do two LEA instructions as a multiply.
129  * Returns:
130  *      0       can't do it
131  */
132 
133 enum
134 {
135     SSFLnobp       = 1,       /// can't have EBP in relconst
136     SSFLnobase1    = 2,       /// no base register for first LEA
137     SSFLnobase     = 4,       /// no base register
138     SSFLlea        = 8,       /// can do it in one LEA
139 }
140 
141 struct Ssindex
142 {
143     targ_uns product;
144     ubyte ss1;
145     ubyte ss2;
146     ubyte ssflags;       /// SSFLxxxx
147 }
148 
149 private __gshared const Ssindex[21] ssindex_array =
150 [
151     { 0, 0, 0 },               // [0] is a place holder
152 
153     { 3,  1, 0, SSFLnobp | SSFLlea },
154     { 5,  2, 0, SSFLnobp | SSFLlea },
155     { 9,  3, 0, SSFLnobp | SSFLlea },
156 
157     { 6,  1, 1, SSFLnobase },
158     { 12, 1, 2, SSFLnobase },
159     { 24, 1, 3, SSFLnobase },
160     { 10, 2, 1, SSFLnobase },
161     { 20, 2, 2, SSFLnobase },
162     { 40, 2, 3, SSFLnobase },
163     { 18, 3, 1, SSFLnobase },
164     { 36, 3, 2, SSFLnobase },
165     { 72, 3, 3, SSFLnobase },
166 
167     { 15, 2, 1, SSFLnobp },
168     { 25, 2, 2, SSFLnobp },
169     { 27, 3, 1, SSFLnobp },
170     { 45, 3, 2, SSFLnobp },
171     { 81, 3, 3, SSFLnobp },
172 
173     { 16, 3, 1, SSFLnobase1 | SSFLnobase },
174     { 32, 3, 2, SSFLnobase1 | SSFLnobase },
175     { 64, 3, 3, SSFLnobase1 | SSFLnobase },
176 ];
177 
178 int ssindex(OPER op,targ_uns product)
179 {
180     if (op == OPshl)
181         product = 1 << product;
182     for (size_t i = 1; i < ssindex_array.length; i++)
183     {
184         if (ssindex_array[i].product == product)
185             return cast(int)i;
186     }
187     return 0;
188 }
189 
190 /***************************************
191  * Build an EA of the form disp[base][index*scale].
192  * Input:
193  *      c       struct to fill in
194  *      base    base register (-1 if none)
195  *      index   index register (-1 if none)
196  *      scale   scale factor - 1,2,4,8
197  *      disp    displacement
198  */
199 
200 void buildEA(code *c,int base,int index,int scale,targ_size_t disp)
201 {
202     ubyte rm;
203     ubyte sib;
204     ubyte rex = 0;
205 
206     sib = 0;
207     if (!I16)
208     {   uint ss;
209 
210         assert(index != SP);
211 
212         switch (scale)
213         {   case 1:     ss = 0; break;
214             case 2:     ss = 1; break;
215             case 4:     ss = 2; break;
216             case 8:     ss = 3; break;
217             default:    assert(0);
218         }
219 
220         if (base == -1)
221         {
222             if (index == -1)
223                 rm = modregrm(0,0,5);
224             else
225             {
226                 rm  = modregrm(0,0,4);
227                 sib = modregrm(ss,index & 7,5);
228                 if (index & 8)
229                     rex |= REX_X;
230             }
231         }
232         else if (index == -1)
233         {
234             if (base == SP)
235             {
236                 rm  = modregrm(2, 0, 4);
237                 sib = modregrm(0, 4, SP);
238             }
239             else
240             {   rm = modregrm(2, 0, base & 7);
241                 if (base & 8)
242                 {   rex |= REX_B;
243                     if (base == R12)
244                     {
245                         rm  = modregrm(2, 0, 4);
246                         sib = modregrm(0, 4, 4);
247                     }
248                 }
249             }
250         }
251         else
252         {
253             rm  = modregrm(2, 0, 4);
254             sib = modregrm(ss,index & 7,base & 7);
255             if (index & 8)
256                 rex |= REX_X;
257             if (base & 8)
258                 rex |= REX_B;
259         }
260     }
261     else
262     {
263         // -1 AX CX DX BX SP BP SI DI
264         static immutable ubyte[9][9] EA16rm =
265         [
266             [   0x06,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x87,0x09,0x86,0x84,0x85,   ],      // -1
267             [   0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,   ],      // AX
268             [   0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,   ],      // CX
269             [   0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,   ],      // DX
270             [   0x87,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x80,0x81,   ],      // BX
271             [   0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,   ],      // SP
272             [   0x86,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x82,0x83,   ],      // BP
273             [   0x84,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x80,0x09,0x82,0x09,0x09,   ],      // SI
274             [   0x85,0x09,0x09,0x09,0x81,0x09,0x83,0x09,0x09,   ]       // DI
275         ];
276 
277         assert(scale == 1);
278         rm = EA16rm[base + 1][index + 1];
279         assert(rm != 9);
280     }
281     c.Irm = rm;
282     c.Isib = sib;
283     c.Irex = rex;
284     c.IFL1 = FLconst;
285     c.IEV1.Vuns = cast(targ_uns)disp;
286 }
287 
288 /*********************************************
289  * Build REX, modregrm and sib bytes
290  */
291 
292 uint buildModregrm(int mod, int reg, int rm)
293 {
294     uint m;
295     if (I16)
296         m = modregrm(mod, reg, rm);
297     else
298     {
299         if ((rm & 7) == SP && mod != 3)
300             m = (modregrm(0,4,SP) << 8) | modregrm(mod,reg & 7,4);
301         else
302             m = modregrm(mod,reg & 7,rm & 7);
303         if (reg & 8)
304             m |= REX_R << 16;
305         if (rm & 8)
306             m |= REX_B << 16;
307     }
308     return m;
309 }
310 
311 /****************************************
312  * Generate code for eecontext
313  */
314 
315 void genEEcode()
316 {
317     CodeBuilder cdb;
318     cdb.ctor();
319 
320     eecontext.EEin++;
321     regcon.immed.mval = 0;
322     regm_t retregs = 0;    //regmask(eecontext.EEelem.Ety);
323     assert(EEStack.offset >= REGSIZE);
324     cod3_stackadj(cdb, cast(int)(EEStack.offset - REGSIZE));
325     cdb.gen1(0x50 + SI);                      // PUSH ESI
326     cdb.genadjesp(cast(int)EEStack.offset);
327     gencodelem(cdb, eecontext.EEelem, &retregs, false);
328     code *c = cdb.finish();
329     assignaddrc(c);
330     pinholeopt(c,null);
331     jmpaddr(c);
332     eecontext.EEcode = gen1(c, 0xCC);        // INT 3
333     eecontext.EEin--;
334 }
335 
336 
337 /********************************************
338  * Gen a save/restore sequence for mask of registers.
339  * Params:
340  *      regm = mask of registers to save
341  *      cdbsave = save code appended here
342  *      cdbrestore = restore code appended here
343  * Returns:
344  *      amount of stack consumed
345  */
346 
347 uint gensaverestore(regm_t regm,ref CodeBuilder cdbsave,ref CodeBuilder cdbrestore)
348 {
349     //printf("gensaverestore2(%s)\n", regm_str(regm));
350     regm &= mBP | mES | ALLREGS | XMMREGS | mST0 | mST01;
351     if (!regm)
352         return 0;
353 
354     uint stackused = 0;
355 
356     code *[regm.sizeof * 8] restore;
357 
358     reg_t i;
359     for (i = 0; regm; i++)
360     {
361         if (regm & 1)
362         {
363             code *cs2;
364             if (i == ES && I16)
365             {
366                 stackused += REGSIZE;
367                 cdbsave.gen1(0x06);                     // PUSH ES
368                 cs2 = gen1(null, 0x07);                 // POP  ES
369             }
370             else if (i == ST0 || i == ST01)
371             {
372                 CodeBuilder cdb;
373                 cdb.ctor();
374                 gensaverestore87(1 << i, cdbsave, cdb);
375                 cs2 = cdb.finish();
376             }
377             else if (i >= XMM0 || I64 || cgstate.funcarg.size)
378             {   uint idx;
379                 regsave.save(cdbsave, i, &idx);
380                 CodeBuilder cdb;
381                 cdb.ctor();
382                 regsave.restore(cdb, i, idx);
383                 cs2 = cdb.finish();
384             }
385             else
386             {
387                 stackused += REGSIZE;
388                 cdbsave.gen1(0x50 + (i & 7));           // PUSH i
389                 cs2 = gen1(null, 0x58 + (i & 7));       // POP  i
390                 if (i & 8)
391                 {   code_orrex(cdbsave.last(), REX_B);
392                     code_orrex(cs2, REX_B);
393                 }
394             }
395             restore[i] = cs2;
396         }
397         else
398             restore[i] = null;
399         regm >>= 1;
400     }
401 
402     while (i)
403     {
404         code *c = restore[--i];
405         if (c)
406         {
407             cdbrestore.append(c);
408         }
409     }
410 
411     return stackused;
412 }
413 
414 
415 /****************************************
416  * Clean parameters off stack.
417  * Input:
418  *      numpara         amount to adjust stack pointer
419  *      keepmsk         mask of registers to not destroy
420  */
421 
422 void genstackclean(ref CodeBuilder cdb,uint numpara,regm_t keepmsk)
423 {
424     //dbg_printf("genstackclean(numpara = %d, stackclean = %d)\n",numpara,cgstate.stackclean);
425     if (numpara && (cgstate.stackclean || STACKALIGN >= 16))
426     {
427 /+
428         if (0 &&                                // won't work if operand of scodelem
429             numpara == stackpush &&             // if this is all those pushed
430             needframe &&                        // and there will be a BP
431             !config.windows &&
432             !(regcon.mvar & fregsaved)          // and no registers will be pushed
433         )
434             genregs(cdb,0x89,BP,SP);  // MOV SP,BP
435         else
436 +/
437         {
438             regm_t scratchm = 0;
439 
440             if (numpara == REGSIZE && config.flags4 & CFG4space)
441             {
442                 scratchm = ALLREGS & ~keepmsk & regcon.used & ~regcon.mvar;
443             }
444 
445             if (scratchm)
446             {
447                 reg_t r;
448                 allocreg(cdb, &scratchm, &r, TYint);
449                 cdb.gen1(0x58 + r);           // POP r
450             }
451             else
452                 cod3_stackadj(cdb, -numpara);
453         }
454         stackpush -= numpara;
455         cdb.genadjesp(-numpara);
456     }
457 }
458 
459 /*********************************
460  * Generate code for a logical expression.
461  * Input:
462  *      e       elem
463  *      jcond
464  *         bit 1 if true then goto jump address if e
465  *               if false then goto jump address if !e
466  *         2    don't call save87()
467  *      fltarg   FLcode or FLblock, flavor of target if e evaluates to jcond
468  *      targ    either code or block pointer to destination
469  */
470 
471 void logexp(ref CodeBuilder cdb, elem *e, int jcond, uint fltarg, code *targ)
472 {
473     //printf("logexp(e = %p, jcond = %d)\n", e, jcond);
474     int no87 = (jcond & 2) == 0;
475     docommas(cdb, &e);             // scan down commas
476     cgstate.stackclean++;
477 
478     code* c, ce;
479     if (!OTleaf(e.Eoper) && !e.Ecount)     // if operator and not common sub
480     {
481         switch (e.Eoper)
482         {
483             case OPoror:
484             {
485                 con_t regconsave;
486                 if (jcond & 1)
487                 {
488                     logexp(cdb, e.EV.E1, jcond, fltarg, targ);
489                     regconsave = regcon;
490                     logexp(cdb, e.EV.E2, jcond, fltarg, targ);
491                 }
492                 else
493                 {
494                     code *cnop = gennop(null);
495                     logexp(cdb, e.EV.E1, jcond | 1, FLcode, cnop);
496                     regconsave = regcon;
497                     logexp(cdb, e.EV.E2, jcond, fltarg, targ);
498                     cdb.append(cnop);
499                 }
500                 andregcon(&regconsave);
501                 freenode(e);
502                 cgstate.stackclean--;
503                 return;
504             }
505 
506             case OPandand:
507             {
508                 con_t regconsave;
509                 if (jcond & 1)
510                 {
511                     code *cnop = gennop(null);    // a dummy target address
512                     logexp(cdb, e.EV.E1, jcond & ~1, FLcode, cnop);
513                     regconsave = regcon;
514                     logexp(cdb, e.EV.E2, jcond, fltarg, targ);
515                     cdb.append(cnop);
516                 }
517                 else
518                 {
519                     logexp(cdb, e.EV.E1, jcond, fltarg, targ);
520                     regconsave = regcon;
521                     logexp(cdb, e.EV.E2, jcond, fltarg, targ);
522                 }
523                 andregcon(&regconsave);
524                 freenode(e);
525                 cgstate.stackclean--;
526                 return;
527             }
528 
529             case OPnot:
530                 jcond ^= 1;
531                 goto case OPbool;
532 
533             case OPbool:
534             case OPs8_16:
535             case OPu8_16:
536             case OPs16_32:
537             case OPu16_32:
538             case OPs32_64:
539             case OPu32_64:
540             case OPu32_d:
541             case OPd_ld:
542                 logexp(cdb, e.EV.E1, jcond, fltarg, targ);
543                 freenode(e);
544                 cgstate.stackclean--;
545                 return;
546 
547             case OPcond:
548             {
549                 code *cnop2 = gennop(null);   // addresses of start of leaves
550                 code *cnop = gennop(null);
551                 logexp(cdb, e.EV.E1, false, FLcode, cnop2);   // eval condition
552                 con_t regconold = regcon;
553                 logexp(cdb, e.EV.E2.EV.E1, jcond, fltarg, targ);
554                 genjmp(cdb, JMP, FLcode, cast(block *) cnop); // skip second leaf
555 
556                 con_t regconsave = regcon;
557                 regcon = regconold;
558 
559                 cdb.append(cnop2);
560                 logexp(cdb, e.EV.E2.EV.E2, jcond, fltarg, targ);
561                 andregcon(&regconold);
562                 andregcon(&regconsave);
563                 freenode(e.EV.E2);
564                 freenode(e);
565                 cdb.append(cnop);
566                 cgstate.stackclean--;
567                 return;
568             }
569 
570             default:
571                 break;
572         }
573     }
574 
575     /* Special code for signed long compare.
576      * Not necessary for I64 until we do cents.
577      */
578     if (OTrel2(e.Eoper) &&               // if < <= >= >
579         !e.Ecount &&
580         ( (I16 && tybasic(e.EV.E1.Ety) == TYlong  && tybasic(e.EV.E2.Ety) == TYlong) ||
581           (I32 && tybasic(e.EV.E1.Ety) == TYllong && tybasic(e.EV.E2.Ety) == TYllong))
582        )
583     {
584         longcmp(cdb, e, jcond != 0, fltarg, targ);
585         cgstate.stackclean--;
586         return;
587     }
588 
589     regm_t retregs = mPSW;                // return result in flags
590     opcode_t op = jmpopcode(e);           // get jump opcode
591     if (!(jcond & 1))
592         op ^= 0x101;                      // toggle jump condition(s)
593     codelem(cdb, e, &retregs, true);         // evaluate elem
594     if (no87)
595         cse_flush(cdb,no87);              // flush CSE's to memory
596     genjmp(cdb, op, fltarg, cast(block *) targ); // generate jmp instruction
597     cgstate.stackclean--;
598 }
599 
600 /******************************
601  * Routine to aid in setting things up for gen().
602  * Look for common subexpression.
603  * Can handle indirection operators, but not if they're common subs.
604  * Input:
605  *      e ->    elem where we get some of the data from
606  *      cs ->   partially filled code to add
607  *      op =    opcode
608  *      reg =   reg field of (mod reg r/m)
609  *      offset = data to be added to Voffset field
610  *      keepmsk = mask of registers we must not destroy
611  *      desmsk  = mask of registers destroyed by executing the instruction
612  * Returns:
613  *      pointer to code generated
614  */
615 
616 void loadea(ref CodeBuilder cdb,elem *e,code *cs,uint op,uint reg,targ_size_t offset,
617             regm_t keepmsk,regm_t desmsk)
618 {
619     code* c, cg, cd;
620 
621     debug
622     if (debugw)
623         printf("loadea: e=%p cs=%p op=x%x reg=%s offset=%lld keepmsk=%s desmsk=%s\n",
624                e, cs, op, regstring[reg], cast(ulong)offset, regm_str(keepmsk), regm_str(desmsk));
625     assert(e);
626     cs.Iflags = 0;
627     cs.Irex = 0;
628     cs.Iop = op;
629     tym_t tym = e.Ety;
630     int sz = tysize(tym);
631 
632     /* Determine if location we want to get is in a register. If so,      */
633     /* substitute the register for the EA.                                */
634     /* Note that operators don't go through this. CSE'd operators are     */
635     /* picked up by comsub().                                             */
636     if (e.Ecount &&                      /* if cse                       */
637         e.Ecount != e.Ecomsub &&        /* and cse was generated        */
638         op != LEA && op != 0xC4 &&        /* and not an LEA or LES        */
639         (op != 0xFF || reg != 3) &&       /* and not CALLF MEM16          */
640         (op & 0xFFF8) != 0xD8)            // and not 8087 opcode
641     {
642         assert(OTleaf(e.Eoper));                /* can't handle this            */
643         regm_t rm = regcon.cse.mval & ~regcon.cse.mops & ~regcon.mvar; // possible regs
644         if (op == 0xFF && reg == 6)
645             rm &= ~XMMREGS;             // can't PUSH an XMM register
646         if (sz > REGSIZE)               // value is in 2 or 4 registers
647         {
648             if (I16 && sz == 8)     // value is in 4 registers
649             {
650                 static immutable regm_t[4] rmask = [ mDX,mCX,mBX,mAX ];
651                 rm &= rmask[cast(size_t)(offset >> 1)];
652             }
653             else if (offset)
654                 rm &= mMSW;             /* only high words      */
655             else
656                 rm &= mLSW;             /* only low words       */
657         }
658         for (uint i = 0; rm; i++)
659         {
660             if (mask(i) & rm)
661             {
662                 if (regcon.cse.value[i] == e && // if register has elem
663                     /* watch out for a CWD destroying DX        */
664                    !(i == DX && op == 0xF7 && desmsk & mDX))
665                 {
666                     /* if ES, then it can only be a load    */
667                     if (i == ES)
668                     {
669                         if (op != 0x8B)
670                             break;      // not a load
671                         cs.Iop = 0x8C; /* MOV reg,ES   */
672                         cs.Irm = modregrm(3, 0, reg & 7);
673                         if (reg & 8)
674                             code_orrex(cs, REX_B);
675                     }
676                     else    // XXX reg,i
677                     {
678                         cs.Irm = modregrm(3, reg & 7, i & 7);
679                         if (reg & 8)
680                             cs.Irex |= REX_R;
681                         if (i & 8)
682                             cs.Irex |= REX_B;
683                         if (sz == 1 && I64 && (i >= 4 || reg >= 4))
684                             cs.Irex |= REX;
685                         if (I64 && (sz == 8 || sz == 16))
686                             cs.Irex |= REX_W;
687                     }
688                     goto L2;
689                 }
690                 rm &= ~mask(i);
691             }
692         }
693     }
694 
695     getlvalue(cdb, cs, e, keepmsk);
696     if (offset == REGSIZE)
697         getlvalue_msw(cs);
698     else
699         cs.IEV1.Voffset += offset;
700     if (I64)
701     {
702         if (reg >= 4 && sz == 1)               // if byte register
703             // Can only address those 8 bit registers if a REX byte is present
704             cs.Irex |= REX;
705         if ((op & 0xFFFFFFF8) == 0xD8)
706             cs.Irex &= ~REX_W;                 // not needed for x87 ops
707         if (mask(reg) & XMMREGS &&
708             (op == LODSD || op == STOSD))
709             cs.Irex &= ~REX_W;                 // not needed for xmm ops
710     }
711     code_newreg(cs, reg);                         // OR in reg field
712     if (!I16)
713     {
714         if (reg == 6 && op == 0xFF ||             /* don't PUSH a word    */
715             op == MOVZXw || op == MOVSXw ||       /* MOVZX/MOVSX          */
716             (op & 0xFFF8) == 0xD8 ||              /* 8087 instructions    */
717             op == LEA)                            /* LEA                  */
718         {
719             cs.Iflags &= ~CFopsize;
720             if (reg == 6 && op == 0xFF)         // if PUSH
721                 cs.Irex &= ~REX_W;             // REX is ignored for PUSH anyway
722         }
723     }
724     else if ((op & 0xFFF8) == 0xD8 && ADDFWAIT())
725         cs.Iflags |= CFwait;
726 L2:
727     getregs(cdb, desmsk);                  // save any regs we destroy
728 
729     /* KLUDGE! fix up DX for divide instructions */
730     if (op == 0xF7 && desmsk == (mAX|mDX))        /* if we need to fix DX */
731     {
732         if (reg == 7)                           /* if IDIV              */
733         {
734             cdb.gen1(0x99);                     // CWD
735             if (I64 && sz == 8)
736                 code_orrex(cdb.last(), REX_W);
737         }
738         else if (reg == 6)                      // if DIV
739             genregs(cdb, 0x33, DX, DX);        // XOR DX,DX
740     }
741 
742     // Eliminate MOV reg,reg
743     if ((cs.Iop & ~3) == 0x88 &&
744         (cs.Irm & 0xC7) == modregrm(3,0,reg & 7))
745     {
746         uint r = cs.Irm & 7;
747         if (cs.Irex & REX_B)
748             r |= 8;
749         if (r == reg)
750             cs.Iop = NOP;
751     }
752 
753     // Eliminate MOV xmmreg,xmmreg
754     if ((cs.Iop & ~(LODSD ^ STOSS)) == LODSD &&    // detect LODSD, LODSS, STOSD, STOSS
755         (cs.Irm & 0xC7) == modregrm(3,0,reg & 7))
756     {
757         reg_t r = cs.Irm & 7;
758         if (cs.Irex & REX_B)
759             r |= 8;
760         if (r == (reg - XMM0))
761             cs.Iop = NOP;
762     }
763 
764     cdb.gen(cs);
765 }
766 
767 
768 /**************************
769  * Get addressing mode.
770  */
771 
772 uint getaddrmode(regm_t idxregs)
773 {
774     uint mode;
775 
776     if (I16)
777     {
778         static ubyte error() { assert(0); }
779 
780         mode =  (idxregs & mBX) ? modregrm(2,0,7) :     /* [BX] */
781                 (idxregs & mDI) ? modregrm(2,0,5):      /* [DI] */
782                 (idxregs & mSI) ? modregrm(2,0,4):      /* [SI] */
783                                   error();
784     }
785     else
786     {
787         const reg = findreg(idxregs & (ALLREGS | mBP));
788         if (reg == R12)
789             mode = (REX_B << 16) | (modregrm(0,4,4) << 8) | modregrm(2,0,4);
790         else
791             mode = modregrmx(2,0,reg);
792     }
793     return mode;
794 }
795 
796 void setaddrmode(code *c, regm_t idxregs)
797 {
798     uint mode = getaddrmode(idxregs);
799     c.Irm = mode & 0xFF;
800     c.Isib = (mode >> 8) & 0xFF;
801     c.Irex &= ~REX_B;
802     c.Irex |= mode >> 16;
803 }
804 
805 /**********************************************
806  */
807 
808 void getlvalue_msw(code *c)
809 {
810     if (c.IFL1 == FLreg)
811     {
812         const regmsw = c.IEV1.Vsym.Sregmsw;
813         c.Irm = (c.Irm & ~7) | (regmsw & 7);
814         if (regmsw & 8)
815             c.Irex |= REX_B;
816         else
817             c.Irex &= ~REX_B;
818     }
819     else
820         c.IEV1.Voffset += REGSIZE;
821 }
822 
823 /**********************************************
824  */
825 
826 void getlvalue_lsw(code *c)
827 {
828     if (c.IFL1 == FLreg)
829     {
830         const reglsw = c.IEV1.Vsym.Sreglsw;
831         c.Irm = (c.Irm & ~7) | (reglsw & 7);
832         if (reglsw & 8)
833             c.Irex |= REX_B;
834         else
835             c.Irex &= ~REX_B;
836     }
837     else
838         c.IEV1.Voffset -= REGSIZE;
839 }
840 
841 /******************
842  * Compute addressing mode.
843  * Generate & return sequence of code (if any).
844  * Return in cs the info on it.
845  * Input:
846  *      pcs ->  where to store data about addressing mode
847  *      e ->    the lvalue elem
848  *      keepmsk mask of registers we must not destroy or use
849  *              if (keepmsk & RMstore), this will be only a store operation
850  *              into the lvalue
851  *              if (keepmsk & RMload), this will be a read operation only
852  */
853 
854 void getlvalue(ref CodeBuilder cdb,code *pcs,elem *e,regm_t keepmsk)
855 {
856     uint fl, f, opsave;
857     elem* e1, e11, e12;
858     bool e1isadd, e1free;
859     reg_t reg;
860     tym_t e1ty;
861     Symbol* s;
862 
863     //printf("getlvalue(e = %p, keepmsk = %s)\n", e, regm_str(keepmsk));
864     //elem_print(e);
865     assert(e);
866     elem_debug(e);
867     if (e.Eoper == OPvar || e.Eoper == OPrelconst)
868     {
869         s = e.EV.Vsym;
870         fl = s.Sfl;
871         if (tyfloating(s.ty()))
872             objmod.fltused();
873     }
874     else
875         fl = FLoper;
876     pcs.IFL1 = cast(ubyte)fl;
877     pcs.Iflags = CFoff;                  /* only want offsets            */
878     pcs.Irex = 0;
879     pcs.IEV1.Voffset = 0;
880 
881     tym_t ty = e.Ety;
882     uint sz = tysize(ty);
883     if (tyfloating(ty))
884         objmod.fltused();
885     if (I64 && (sz == 8 || sz == 16) && !tyvector(ty))
886         pcs.Irex |= REX_W;
887     if (!I16 && sz == SHORTSIZE)
888         pcs.Iflags |= CFopsize;
889     if (ty & mTYvolatile)
890         pcs.Iflags |= CFvolatile;
891 
892     switch (fl)
893     {
894         case FLoper:
895             debug
896             if (debugw) printf("getlvalue(e = %p, keepmsk = %s)\n", e, regm_str(keepmsk));
897 
898             switch (e.Eoper)
899             {
900                 case OPadd:                 // this way when we want to do LEA
901                     e1 = e;
902                     e1free = false;
903                     e1isadd = true;
904                     break;
905 
906                 case OPind:
907                 case OPpostinc:             // when doing (*p++ = ...)
908                 case OPpostdec:             // when doing (*p-- = ...)
909                 case OPbt:
910                 case OPbtc:
911                 case OPbtr:
912                 case OPbts:
913                 case OPvecfill:
914                     e1 = e.EV.E1;
915                     e1free = true;
916                     e1isadd = e1.Eoper == OPadd;
917                     break;
918 
919                 default:
920                     printf("function: %s\n", funcsym_p.Sident.ptr);
921                     elem_print(e);
922                     assert(0);
923             }
924             e1ty = tybasic(e1.Ety);
925             if (e1isadd)
926             {
927                 e12 = e1.EV.E2;
928                 e11 = e1.EV.E1;
929             }
930 
931             /* First see if we can replace *(e+&v) with
932              *      MOV     idxreg,e
933              *      EA =    [ES:] &v+idxreg
934              */
935             f = FLconst;
936 
937             /* Is address of `s` relative to RIP ?
938              */
939             static bool relativeToRIP(Symbol* s)
940             {
941                 if (!I64)
942                     return false;
943                 if (config.exe == EX_WIN64)
944                     return true;
945                 if (config.flags3 & CFG3pie)
946                 {
947                     if (s.Sfl == FLtlsdata || s.ty() & mTYthread)
948                     {
949                         if (s.Sclass == SCglobal || s.Sclass == SCstatic || s.Sclass == SClocstat)
950                             return false;
951                     }
952                     return true;
953                 }
954                 else
955                     return (config.flags3 & CFG3pic) != 0;
956             }
957 
958             if (e1isadd &&
959                 ((e12.Eoper == OPrelconst &&
960                   !relativeToRIP(e12.EV.Vsym) &&
961                   (f = el_fl(e12)) != FLfardata
962                  ) ||
963                  (e12.Eoper == OPconst && !I16 && !e1.Ecount && (!I64 || el_signx32(e12)))) &&
964                 e1.Ecount == e1.Ecomsub &&
965                 (!e1.Ecount || (~keepmsk & ALLREGS & mMSW) || (e1ty != TYfptr && e1ty != TYhptr)) &&
966                 tysize(e11.Ety) == REGSIZE
967                )
968             {
969                 uint t;            /* component of r/m field */
970                 int ss;
971                 int ssi;
972 
973                 if (e12.Eoper == OPrelconst)
974                     f = el_fl(e12);
975                 /*assert(datafl[f]);*/              /* what if addr of func? */
976                 if (!I16)
977                 {   /* Any register can be an index register        */
978                     regm_t idxregs = allregs & ~keepmsk;
979                     assert(idxregs);
980 
981                     /* See if e1.EV.E1 can be a scaled index  */
982                     ss = isscaledindex(e11);
983                     if (ss)
984                     {
985                         /* Load index register with result of e11.EV.E1       */
986                         cdisscaledindex(cdb, e11, &idxregs, keepmsk);
987                         reg = findreg(idxregs);
988                         {
989                             t = stackfl[f] ? 2 : 0;
990                             pcs.Irm = modregrm(t, 0, 4);
991                             pcs.Isib = modregrm(ss, reg & 7, 5);
992                             if (reg & 8)
993                                 pcs.Irex |= REX_X;
994                         }
995                     }
996                     else if ((e11.Eoper == OPmul || e11.Eoper == OPshl) &&
997                              !e11.Ecount &&
998                              e11.EV.E2.Eoper == OPconst &&
999                              (ssi = ssindex(e11.Eoper, e11.EV.E2.EV.Vuns)) != 0
1000                             )
1001                     {
1002                         regm_t scratchm;
1003 
1004                         char ssflags = ssindex_array[ssi].ssflags;
1005                         if (ssflags & SSFLnobp && stackfl[f])
1006                             goto L6;
1007 
1008                         // Load index register with result of e11.EV.E1
1009                         scodelem(cdb, e11.EV.E1, &idxregs, keepmsk, true);
1010                         reg = findreg(idxregs);
1011 
1012                         int ss1 = ssindex_array[ssi].ss1;
1013                         if (ssflags & SSFLlea)
1014                         {
1015                             assert(!stackfl[f]);
1016                             pcs.Irm = modregrm(2,0,4);
1017                             pcs.Isib = modregrm(ss1, reg & 7, reg & 7);
1018                             if (reg & 8)
1019                                 pcs.Irex |= REX_X | REX_B;
1020                         }
1021                         else
1022                         {
1023                             int rbase;
1024                             reg_t r;
1025 
1026                             scratchm = ALLREGS & ~keepmsk;
1027                             allocreg(cdb, &scratchm, &r, TYint);
1028 
1029                             if (ssflags & SSFLnobase1)
1030                             {
1031                                 t = 0;
1032                                 rbase = 5;
1033                             }
1034                             else
1035                             {
1036                                 t = 0;
1037                                 rbase = reg;
1038                                 if (rbase == BP || rbase == R13)
1039                                 {
1040                                     static immutable uint[4] imm32 = [1+1,2+1,4+1,8+1];
1041 
1042                                     // IMUL r,BP,imm32
1043                                     cdb.genc2(0x69, modregxrmx(3, r, rbase), imm32[ss1]);
1044                                     goto L7;
1045                                 }
1046                             }
1047 
1048                             cdb.gen2sib(LEA, modregxrm(t, r, 4), modregrm(ss1, reg & 7 ,rbase & 7));
1049                             if (reg & 8)
1050                                 code_orrex(cdb.last(), REX_X);
1051                             if (rbase & 8)
1052                                 code_orrex(cdb.last(), REX_B);
1053                             if (I64)
1054                                 code_orrex(cdb.last(), REX_W);
1055 
1056                             if (ssflags & SSFLnobase1)
1057                             {
1058                                 cdb.last().IFL1 = FLconst;
1059                                 cdb.last().IEV1.Vuns = 0;
1060                             }
1061                         L7:
1062                             if (ssflags & SSFLnobase)
1063                             {
1064                                 t = stackfl[f] ? 2 : 0;
1065                                 rbase = 5;
1066                             }
1067                             else
1068                             {
1069                                 t = 2;
1070                                 rbase = r;
1071                                 assert(rbase != BP);
1072                             }
1073                             pcs.Irm = modregrm(t, 0, 4);
1074                             pcs.Isib = modregrm(ssindex_array[ssi].ss2, r & 7, rbase & 7);
1075                             if (r & 8)
1076                                 pcs.Irex |= REX_X;
1077                             if (rbase & 8)
1078                                 pcs.Irex |= REX_B;
1079                         }
1080                         freenode(e11.EV.E2);
1081                         freenode(e11);
1082                     }
1083                     else
1084                     {
1085                      L6:
1086                         /* Load index register with result of e11   */
1087                         scodelem(cdb, e11, &idxregs, keepmsk, true);
1088                         setaddrmode(pcs, idxregs);
1089                         if (stackfl[f])             /* if we need [EBP] too */
1090                         {
1091                             uint idx = pcs.Irm & 7;
1092                             if (pcs.Irex & REX_B)
1093                                 pcs.Irex = (pcs.Irex & ~REX_B) | REX_X;
1094                             pcs.Isib = modregrm(0, idx, BP);
1095                             pcs.Irm = modregrm(2, 0, 4);
1096                         }
1097                     }
1098                 }
1099                 else
1100                 {
1101                     regm_t idxregs = IDXREGS & ~keepmsk;   /* only these can be index regs */
1102                     assert(idxregs);
1103                     if (stackfl[f])                 /* if stack data type   */
1104                     {
1105                         idxregs &= mSI | mDI;       /* BX can't index off stack */
1106                         if (!idxregs) goto L1;      /* index regs aren't avail */
1107                         t = 6;                      /* [BP+SI+disp]         */
1108                     }
1109                     else
1110                         t = 0;                      /* [SI + disp]          */
1111                     scodelem(cdb, e11, &idxregs, keepmsk, true); // load idx reg
1112                     pcs.Irm = cast(ubyte)(getaddrmode(idxregs) ^ t);
1113                 }
1114                 if (f == FLpara)
1115                     refparam = true;
1116                 else if (f == FLauto || f == FLbprel || f == FLfltreg || f == FLfast)
1117                     reflocal = true;
1118                 else if (f == FLcsdata || tybasic(e12.Ety) == TYcptr)
1119                     pcs.Iflags |= CFcs;
1120                 else
1121                     assert(f != FLreg);
1122                 pcs.IFL1 = cast(ubyte)f;
1123                 if (f != FLconst)
1124                     pcs.IEV1.Vsym = e12.EV.Vsym;
1125                 pcs.IEV1.Voffset = e12.EV.Voffset; /* += ??? */
1126 
1127                 /* If e1 is a CSE, we must generate an addressing mode      */
1128                 /* but also leave EA in registers so others can use it      */
1129                 if (e1.Ecount)
1130                 {
1131                     uint flagsave;
1132 
1133                     regm_t idxregs = IDXREGS & ~keepmsk;
1134                     allocreg(cdb, &idxregs, &reg, TYoffset);
1135 
1136                     /* If desired result is a far pointer, we'll have       */
1137                     /* to load another register with the segment of v       */
1138                     if (e1ty == TYfptr)
1139                     {
1140                         reg_t msreg;
1141 
1142                         idxregs |= mMSW & ALLREGS & ~keepmsk;
1143                         allocreg(cdb, &idxregs, &msreg, TYfptr);
1144                         msreg = findregmsw(idxregs);
1145                                                     /* MOV msreg,segreg     */
1146                         genregs(cdb, 0x8C, segfl[f], msreg);
1147                     }
1148                     opsave = pcs.Iop;
1149                     flagsave = pcs.Iflags;
1150                     ubyte rexsave = pcs.Irex;
1151                     pcs.Iop = LEA;
1152                     code_newreg(pcs, reg);
1153                     if (!I16)
1154                         pcs.Iflags &= ~CFopsize;
1155                     if (I64)
1156                         pcs.Irex |= REX_W;
1157                     cdb.gen(pcs);                 // LEA idxreg,EA
1158                     cssave(e1,idxregs,true);
1159                     if (!I16)
1160                     {
1161                         pcs.Iflags = flagsave;
1162                         pcs.Irex = rexsave;
1163                     }
1164                     if (stackfl[f] && (config.wflags & WFssneds))   // if pointer into stack
1165                         pcs.Iflags |= CFss;        // add SS: override
1166                     pcs.Iop = opsave;
1167                     pcs.IFL1 = FLoffset;
1168                     pcs.IEV1.Vuns = 0;
1169                     setaddrmode(pcs, idxregs);
1170                 }
1171                 freenode(e12);
1172                 if (e1free)
1173                     freenode(e1);
1174                 goto Lptr;
1175             }
1176 
1177             L1:
1178 
1179             /* The rest of the cases could be a far pointer */
1180 
1181             regm_t idxregs;
1182             idxregs = (I16 ? IDXREGS : allregs) & ~keepmsk; // only these can be index regs
1183             assert(idxregs);
1184             if (!I16 &&
1185                 (sz == REGSIZE || (I64 && sz == 4)) &&
1186                 keepmsk & RMstore)
1187                 idxregs |= regcon.mvar;
1188 
1189             switch (e1ty)
1190             {
1191                 case TYfptr:                        /* if far pointer       */
1192                 case TYhptr:
1193                     idxregs = (mES | IDXREGS) & ~keepmsk;   // need segment too
1194                     assert(idxregs & mES);
1195                     pcs.Iflags |= CFes;            /* ES segment override  */
1196                     break;
1197 
1198                 case TYsptr:                        /* if pointer to stack  */
1199                     if (config.wflags & WFssneds)   // if SS != DS
1200                         pcs.Iflags |= CFss;        /* then need SS: override */
1201                     break;
1202 
1203                 case TYfgPtr:
1204                     if (I32)
1205                         pcs.Iflags |= CFgs;
1206                     else if (I64)
1207                         pcs.Iflags |= CFfs;
1208                     else
1209                         assert(0);
1210                     break;
1211 
1212                 case TYcptr:                        /* if pointer to code   */
1213                     pcs.Iflags |= CFcs;            /* then need CS: override */
1214                     break;
1215 
1216                 default:
1217                     break;
1218             }
1219             pcs.IFL1 = FLoffset;
1220             pcs.IEV1.Vuns = 0;
1221 
1222             /* see if we can replace *(e+c) with
1223              *      MOV     idxreg,e
1224              *      [MOV    ES,segment]
1225              *      EA =    [ES:]c[idxreg]
1226              */
1227             if (e1isadd && e12.Eoper == OPconst &&
1228                 (!I64 || el_signx32(e12)) &&
1229                 (tysize(e12.Ety) == REGSIZE || (I64 && tysize(e12.Ety) == 4)) &&
1230                 (!e1.Ecount || !e1free)
1231                )
1232             {
1233                 int ss;
1234 
1235                 pcs.IEV1.Vuns = e12.EV.Vuns;
1236                 freenode(e12);
1237                 if (e1free) freenode(e1);
1238                 if (!I16 && e11.Eoper == OPadd && !e11.Ecount &&
1239                     tysize(e11.Ety) == REGSIZE)
1240                 {
1241                     e12 = e11.EV.E2;
1242                     e11 = e11.EV.E1;
1243                     e1 = e1.EV.E1;
1244                     e1free = true;
1245                     goto L4;
1246                 }
1247                 if (!I16 && (ss = isscaledindex(e11)) != 0)
1248                 {   // (v * scale) + const
1249                     cdisscaledindex(cdb, e11, &idxregs, keepmsk);
1250                     reg = findreg(idxregs);
1251                     pcs.Irm = modregrm(0, 0, 4);
1252                     pcs.Isib = modregrm(ss, reg & 7, 5);
1253                     if (reg & 8)
1254                         pcs.Irex |= REX_X;
1255                 }
1256                 else
1257                 {
1258                     scodelem(cdb, e11, &idxregs, keepmsk, true); // load index reg
1259                     setaddrmode(pcs, idxregs);
1260                 }
1261                 goto Lptr;
1262             }
1263 
1264             /* Look for *(v1 + v2)
1265              *      EA = [v1][v2]
1266              */
1267 
1268             if (!I16 && e1isadd && (!e1.Ecount || !e1free) &&
1269                 (_tysize[e1ty] == REGSIZE || (I64 && _tysize[e1ty] == 4)))
1270             {
1271             L4:
1272                 regm_t idxregs2;
1273                 uint base, index;
1274 
1275                 // Look for *(v1 + v2 << scale)
1276                 int ss = isscaledindex(e12);
1277                 if (ss)
1278                 {
1279                     scodelem(cdb, e11, &idxregs, keepmsk, true);
1280                     idxregs2 = allregs & ~(idxregs | keepmsk);
1281                     cdisscaledindex(cdb, e12, &idxregs2, keepmsk | idxregs);
1282                 }
1283 
1284                 // Look for *(v1 << scale + v2)
1285                 else if ((ss = isscaledindex(e11)) != 0)
1286                 {
1287                     idxregs2 = idxregs;
1288                     cdisscaledindex(cdb, e11, &idxregs2, keepmsk);
1289                     idxregs = allregs & ~(idxregs2 | keepmsk);
1290                     scodelem(cdb, e12, &idxregs, keepmsk | idxregs2, true);
1291                 }
1292                 // Look for *(((v1 << scale) + c1) + v2)
1293                 else if (e11.Eoper == OPadd && !e11.Ecount &&
1294                          e11.EV.E2.Eoper == OPconst &&
1295                          (ss = isscaledindex(e11.EV.E1)) != 0
1296                         )
1297                 {
1298                     pcs.IEV1.Vuns = e11.EV.E2.EV.Vuns;
1299                     idxregs2 = idxregs;
1300                     cdisscaledindex(cdb, e11.EV.E1, &idxregs2, keepmsk);
1301                     idxregs = allregs & ~(idxregs2 | keepmsk);
1302                     scodelem(cdb, e12, &idxregs, keepmsk | idxregs2, true);
1303                     freenode(e11.EV.E2);
1304                     freenode(e11);
1305                 }
1306                 else
1307                 {
1308                     scodelem(cdb, e11, &idxregs, keepmsk, true);
1309                     idxregs2 = allregs & ~(idxregs | keepmsk);
1310                     scodelem(cdb, e12, &idxregs2, keepmsk | idxregs, true);
1311                 }
1312                 base = findreg(idxregs);
1313                 index = findreg(idxregs2);
1314                 pcs.Irm  = modregrm(2, 0, 4);
1315                 pcs.Isib = modregrm(ss, index & 7, base & 7);
1316                 if (index & 8)
1317                     pcs.Irex |= REX_X;
1318                 if (base & 8)
1319                     pcs.Irex |= REX_B;
1320                 if (e1free)
1321                     freenode(e1);
1322 
1323                 goto Lptr;
1324             }
1325 
1326             /* give up and replace *e1 with
1327              *      MOV     idxreg,e
1328              *      EA =    0[idxreg]
1329              * pinholeopt() will usually correct the 0, we need it in case
1330              * we have a pointer to a long and need an offset to the second
1331              * word.
1332              */
1333 
1334             assert(e1free);
1335             scodelem(cdb, e1, &idxregs, keepmsk, true);  // load index register
1336             setaddrmode(pcs, idxregs);
1337         Lptr:
1338             if (config.flags3 & CFG3ptrchk)
1339                 cod3_ptrchk(cdb, pcs, keepmsk);        // validate pointer code
1340             break;
1341 
1342         case FLdatseg:
1343             assert(0);
1344         static if (0)
1345         {
1346             pcs.Irm = modregrm(0, 0, BPRM);
1347             pcs.IEVpointer1 = e.EVpointer;
1348             break;
1349         }
1350 
1351         case FLfltreg:
1352             reflocal = true;
1353             pcs.Irm = modregrm(2, 0, BPRM);
1354             pcs.IEV1.Vint = 0;
1355             break;
1356 
1357         case FLreg:
1358             goto L2;
1359 
1360         case FLpara:
1361             if (s.Sclass == SCshadowreg)
1362                 goto case FLfast;
1363         Lpara:
1364             refparam = true;
1365             pcs.Irm = modregrm(2, 0, BPRM);
1366             goto L2;
1367 
1368         case FLauto:
1369         case FLfast:
1370             if (regParamInPreg(s))
1371             {
1372                 regm_t pregm = s.Spregm();
1373                 /* See if the parameter is still hanging about in a register,
1374                  * and so can we load from that register instead.
1375                  */
1376                 if (regcon.params & pregm /*&& s.Spreg2 == NOREG && !(pregm & XMMREGS)*/)
1377                 {
1378                     if (keepmsk & RMload && !anyiasm)
1379                     {
1380                         auto voffset = e.EV.Voffset;
1381                         if (sz <= REGSIZE)
1382                         {
1383                             const reg_t preg = (voffset >= REGSIZE) ? s.Spreg2 : s.Spreg;
1384                             if (voffset >= REGSIZE)
1385                                 voffset -= REGSIZE;
1386 
1387                             /* preg could be NOREG if it's a variadic function and we're
1388                              * in Win64 shadow regs and we're offsetting to get to the start
1389                              * of the variadic args.
1390                              */
1391                             if (preg != NOREG && regcon.params & mask(preg))
1392                             {
1393                                 //printf("sz %d, preg %s, Voffset %d\n", cast(int)sz, regm_str(mask(preg)), cast(int)voffset);
1394                                 if (mask(preg) & XMMREGS && sz != REGSIZE)
1395                                 {
1396                                     /* The following fails with this from std.math on Linux64:
1397                                         void main()
1398                                         {
1399                                             alias T = float;
1400                                             T x = T.infinity;
1401                                             T e = T.infinity;
1402                                             int eptr;
1403                                             T v = frexp(x, eptr);
1404                                             assert(isIdentical(e, v));
1405                                         }
1406                                      */
1407                                 }
1408                                 else if (voffset == 0)
1409                                 {
1410                                     pcs.Irm = modregrm(3, 0, preg & 7);
1411                                     if (preg & 8)
1412                                         pcs.Irex |= REX_B;
1413                                     if (I64 && sz == 1 && preg >= 4)
1414                                         pcs.Irex |= REX;
1415                                     regcon.used |= mask(preg);
1416                                     break;
1417                                 }
1418                                 else if (voffset == 1 && sz == 1 && preg < 4)
1419                                 {
1420                                     pcs.Irm = modregrm(3, 0, 4 | preg); // use H register
1421                                     regcon.used |= mask(preg);
1422                                     break;
1423                                 }
1424                             }
1425                         }
1426                     }
1427                     else
1428                         regcon.params &= ~pregm;
1429                 }
1430             }
1431             if (s.Sclass == SCshadowreg)
1432                 goto Lpara;
1433             goto case FLbprel;
1434 
1435         case FLbprel:
1436             reflocal = true;
1437             pcs.Irm = modregrm(2, 0, BPRM);
1438             goto L2;
1439 
1440         case FLextern:
1441             if (s.Sident[0] == '_' && memcmp(s.Sident.ptr + 1,"tls_array".ptr,10) == 0)
1442             {
1443                 if (config.exe & EX_windos)
1444                 {
1445                     if (I64)
1446                     {   // GS:[88]
1447                         pcs.Irm = modregrm(0, 0, 4);
1448                         pcs.Isib = modregrm(0, 4, 5);  // don't use [RIP] addressing
1449                         pcs.IFL1 = FLconst;
1450                         pcs.IEV1.Vuns = 88;
1451                         pcs.Iflags = CFgs;
1452                         pcs.Irex |= REX_W;
1453                         break;
1454                     }
1455                     else
1456                     {
1457                         pcs.Iflags |= CFfs;    // add FS: override
1458                     }
1459                 }
1460                 else if (config.exe & (EX_OSX | EX_OSX64))
1461                 {
1462                 }
1463                 else if (config.exe & EX_posix)
1464                     assert(0);
1465             }
1466             if (s.ty() & mTYcs && cast(bool) LARGECODE)
1467                 goto Lfardata;
1468             goto L3;
1469 
1470         case FLtlsdata:
1471             if (config.exe & EX_posix)
1472                 goto L3;
1473             assert(0);
1474 
1475         case FLdata:
1476         case FLudata:
1477         case FLcsdata:
1478         case FLgot:
1479         case FLgotoff:
1480         L3:
1481             pcs.Irm = modregrm(0, 0, BPRM);
1482         L2:
1483             if (fl == FLreg)
1484             {
1485                 //printf("test: FLreg, %s %d regcon.mvar = %s\n",
1486                 // s.Sident.ptr, cast(int)e.EV.Voffset, regm_str(regcon.mvar));
1487                 if (!(s.Sregm & regcon.mvar))
1488                     symbol_print(s);
1489                 assert(s.Sregm & regcon.mvar);
1490 
1491                 /* Attempting to paint a float as an integer or an integer as a float
1492                  * will cause serious problems since the EA is loaded separatedly from
1493                  * the opcode. The only way to deal with this is to prevent enregistering
1494                  * such variables.
1495                  */
1496                 if (tyxmmreg(ty) && !(s.Sregm & XMMREGS) ||
1497                     !tyxmmreg(ty) && (s.Sregm & XMMREGS))
1498                     cgreg_unregister(s.Sregm);
1499 
1500                 if (
1501                     s.Sclass == SCregpar ||
1502                     s.Sclass == SCparameter)
1503                 {   refparam = true;
1504                     reflocal = true;        // kludge to set up prolog
1505                 }
1506                 pcs.Irm = modregrm(3, 0, s.Sreglsw & 7);
1507                 if (s.Sreglsw & 8)
1508                     pcs.Irex |= REX_B;
1509                 if (e.EV.Voffset == REGSIZE && sz == REGSIZE)
1510                 {
1511                     pcs.Irm = modregrm(3, 0, s.Sregmsw & 7);
1512                     if (s.Sregmsw & 8)
1513                         pcs.Irex |= REX_B;
1514                     else
1515                         pcs.Irex &= ~REX_B;
1516                 }
1517                 else if (e.EV.Voffset == 1 && sz == 1)
1518                 {
1519                     assert(s.Sregm & BYTEREGS);
1520                     assert(s.Sreglsw < 4);
1521                     pcs.Irm |= 4;                  // use 2nd byte of register
1522                 }
1523                 else
1524                 {
1525                     assert(!e.EV.Voffset);
1526                     if (I64 && sz == 1 && s.Sreglsw >= 4)
1527                         pcs.Irex |= REX;
1528                 }
1529             }
1530             else if (s.ty() & mTYcs && !(fl == FLextern && LARGECODE))
1531             {
1532                 pcs.Iflags |= CFcs | CFoff;
1533             }
1534             if (config.flags3 & CFG3pic &&
1535                 (fl == FLtlsdata || s.ty() & mTYthread))
1536             {
1537                 if (I32)
1538                 {
1539                     if (config.flags3 & CFG3pie)
1540                     {
1541                         pcs.Iflags |= CFgs;
1542                     }
1543                 }
1544                 else if (I64)
1545                 {
1546                     if (config.flags3 & CFG3pie &&
1547                         (s.Sclass == SCglobal || s.Sclass == SCstatic || s.Sclass == SClocstat))
1548                     {
1549                         pcs.Iflags |= CFfs;
1550                         pcs.Irm = modregrm(0, 0, 4);
1551                         pcs.Isib = modregrm(0, 4, 5);  // don't use [RIP] addressing
1552                     }
1553                     else
1554                     {
1555                         pcs.Iflags |= CFopsize;
1556                         pcs.Irex = 0x48;
1557                     }
1558                 }
1559             }
1560             pcs.IEV1.Vsym = s;
1561             pcs.IEV1.Voffset = e.EV.Voffset;
1562             if (sz == 1)
1563             {   /* Don't use SI or DI for this variable     */
1564                 s.Sflags |= GTbyte;
1565                 if (I64 ? e.EV.Voffset > 0 : e.EV.Voffset > 1)
1566                 {
1567                     debug if (debugr) printf("'%s' not reg cand due to byte offset\n", s.Sident.ptr);
1568                     s.Sflags &= ~GTregcand;
1569                 }
1570             }
1571             else if (e.EV.Voffset || sz > tysize(s.Stype.Tty))
1572             {
1573                 debug if (debugr) printf("'%s' not reg cand due to offset or size\n", s.Sident.ptr);
1574                 s.Sflags &= ~GTregcand;
1575             }
1576 
1577             if (config.fpxmmregs && tyfloating(s.ty()) && !tyfloating(ty))
1578             {
1579                 debug if (debugr) printf("'%s' not reg cand due to mix float and int\n", s.Sident.ptr);
1580                 // Can't successfully mix XMM register variables accessed as integers
1581                 s.Sflags &= ~GTregcand;
1582             }
1583 
1584             if (!(keepmsk & RMstore))               // if not store only
1585                 s.Sflags |= SFLread;               // assume we are doing a read
1586             break;
1587 
1588         case FLpseudo:
1589             version (MARS)
1590             {
1591                 {
1592                     getregs(cdb, mask(s.Sreglsw));
1593                     pcs.Irm = modregrm(3, 0, s.Sreglsw & 7);
1594                     if (s.Sreglsw & 8)
1595                         pcs.Irex |= REX_B;
1596                     if (e.EV.Voffset == 1 && sz == 1)
1597                     {   assert(s.Sregm & BYTEREGS);
1598                         assert(s.Sreglsw < 4);
1599                         pcs.Irm |= 4;                  // use 2nd byte of register
1600                     }
1601                     else
1602                     {   assert(!e.EV.Voffset);
1603                         if (I64 && sz == 1 && s.Sreglsw >= 4)
1604                             pcs.Irex |= REX;
1605                     }
1606                     break;
1607                 }
1608             }
1609             else
1610             {
1611                 {
1612                     uint u = s.Sreglsw;
1613                     getregs(cdb, pseudomask[u]);
1614                     pcs.Irm = modregrm(3, 0, pseudoreg[u] & 7);
1615                     break;
1616                 }
1617             }
1618 
1619         case FLfardata:
1620         case FLfunc:                                /* reading from code seg */
1621             if (config.exe & EX_flat)
1622                 goto L3;
1623         Lfardata:
1624         {
1625             regm_t regm = ALLREGS & ~keepmsk;       // need scratch register
1626             allocreg(cdb, &regm, &reg, TYint);
1627             getregs(cdb,mES);
1628             // MOV mreg,seg of symbol
1629             cdb.gencs(0xB8 + reg, 0, FLextern, s);
1630             cdb.last().Iflags = CFseg;
1631             cdb.gen2(0x8E, modregrmx(3, 0, reg));     // MOV ES,reg
1632             pcs.Iflags |= CFes | CFoff;            /* ES segment override  */
1633             goto L3;
1634         }
1635 
1636         case FLstack:
1637             assert(!I16);
1638             pcs.Irm = modregrm(2, 0, 4);
1639             pcs.Isib = modregrm(0, 4, SP);
1640             pcs.IEV1.Vsym = s;
1641             pcs.IEV1.Voffset = e.EV.Voffset;
1642             break;
1643 
1644         default:
1645             WRFL(cast(FL)fl);
1646             symbol_print(s);
1647             assert(0);
1648     }
1649 }
1650 
1651 /*****************************
1652  * Given an opcode and EA in cs, generate code
1653  * for each floating register in turn.
1654  * Input:
1655  *      tym     either TYdouble or TYfloat
1656  */
1657 
1658 void fltregs(ref CodeBuilder cdb, code* pcs, tym_t tym)
1659 {
1660     assert(!I64);
1661     tym = tybasic(tym);
1662     if (I32)
1663     {
1664         getregs(cdb,(tym == TYfloat) ? mAX : mAX | mDX);
1665         if (tym != TYfloat)
1666         {
1667             pcs.IEV1.Voffset += REGSIZE;
1668             NEWREG(pcs.Irm,DX);
1669             cdb.gen(pcs);
1670             pcs.IEV1.Voffset -= REGSIZE;
1671         }
1672         NEWREG(pcs.Irm,AX);
1673         cdb.gen(pcs);
1674     }
1675     else
1676     {
1677         getregs(cdb,(tym == TYfloat) ? FLOATREGS_16 : DOUBLEREGS_16);
1678         pcs.IEV1.Voffset += (tym == TYfloat) ? 2 : 6;
1679         if (tym == TYfloat)
1680             NEWREG(pcs.Irm, DX);
1681         else
1682             NEWREG(pcs.Irm, AX);
1683         cdb.gen(pcs);
1684         pcs.IEV1.Voffset -= 2;
1685         if (tym == TYfloat)
1686             NEWREG(pcs.Irm, AX);
1687         else
1688             NEWREG(pcs.Irm, BX);
1689         cdb.gen(pcs);
1690         if (tym != TYfloat)
1691         {
1692             pcs.IEV1.Voffset -= 2;
1693             NEWREG(pcs.Irm, CX);
1694             cdb.gen(pcs);
1695             pcs.IEV1.Voffset -= 2;     /* note that exit is with Voffset unaltered */
1696             NEWREG(pcs.Irm, DX);
1697             cdb.gen(pcs);
1698         }
1699     }
1700 }
1701 
1702 
1703 /*****************************
1704  * Given a result in registers, test it for true or false.
1705  * Will fail if TYfptr and the reg is ES!
1706  * If saveflag is true, preserve the contents of the
1707  * registers.
1708  */
1709 
1710 void tstresult(ref CodeBuilder cdb, regm_t regm, tym_t tym, uint saveflag)
1711 {
1712     reg_t scrreg;                      // scratch register
1713     regm_t scrregm;
1714 
1715     //if (!(regm & (mBP | ALLREGS)))
1716         //printf("tstresult(regm = %s, tym = x%x, saveflag = %d)\n",
1717             //regm_str(regm),tym,saveflag);
1718 
1719     assert(regm & (XMMREGS | mBP | ALLREGS));
1720     tym = tybasic(tym);
1721     reg_t reg = findreg(regm);
1722     uint sz = _tysize[tym];
1723     if (sz == 1)
1724     {
1725         assert(regm & BYTEREGS);
1726         genregs(cdb, 0x84, reg, reg);        // TEST regL,regL
1727         if (I64 && reg >= 4)
1728             code_orrex(cdb.last(), REX);
1729         return;
1730     }
1731     if (regm & XMMREGS)
1732     {
1733         reg_t xreg;
1734         regm_t xregs = XMMREGS & ~regm;
1735         allocreg(cdb,&xregs, &xreg, TYdouble);
1736         opcode_t op = 0;
1737         if (tym == TYdouble || tym == TYidouble || tym == TYcdouble)
1738             op = 0x660000;
1739         cdb.gen2(op | 0x0F57, modregrm(3, xreg-XMM0, xreg-XMM0));      // XORPS xreg,xreg
1740         cdb.gen2(op | 0x0F2E, modregrm(3, xreg-XMM0, reg-XMM0));    // UCOMISS xreg,reg
1741         if (tym == TYcfloat || tym == TYcdouble)
1742         {   code *cnop = gennop(null);
1743             genjmp(cdb, JNE, FLcode, cast(block *) cnop); // JNE     L1
1744             genjmp(cdb,  JP, FLcode, cast(block *) cnop); // JP      L1
1745             reg = findreg(regm & ~mask(reg));
1746             cdb.gen2(op | 0x0F2E, modregrm(3, xreg-XMM0, reg-XMM0));        // UCOMISS xreg,reg
1747             cdb.append(cnop);
1748         }
1749         return;
1750     }
1751     if (sz <= REGSIZE)
1752     {
1753         if (!I16)
1754         {
1755             if (tym == TYfloat)
1756             {
1757                 if (saveflag)
1758                 {
1759                     scrregm = allregs & ~regm;              // possible scratch regs
1760                     allocreg(cdb, &scrregm, &scrreg, TYoffset); // allocate scratch reg
1761                     genmovreg(cdb, scrreg, reg);  // MOV scrreg,msreg
1762                     reg = scrreg;
1763                 }
1764                 getregs(cdb, mask(reg));
1765                 cdb.gen2(0xD1, modregrmx(3, 4, reg)); // SHL reg,1
1766                 return;
1767             }
1768             gentstreg(cdb,reg);                 // TEST reg,reg
1769             if (sz == SHORTSIZE)
1770                 cdb.last().Iflags |= CFopsize;             // 16 bit operands
1771             else if (sz == 8)
1772                 code_orrex(cdb.last(), REX_W);
1773         }
1774         else
1775             gentstreg(cdb, reg);                 // TEST reg,reg
1776         return;
1777     }
1778 
1779     if (saveflag || tyfv(tym))
1780     {
1781     L1:
1782         scrregm = ALLREGS & ~regm;              // possible scratch regs
1783         allocreg(cdb, &scrregm, &scrreg, TYoffset); // allocate scratch reg
1784         if (I32 || sz == REGSIZE * 2)
1785         {
1786             assert(regm & mMSW && regm & mLSW);
1787 
1788             reg = findregmsw(regm);
1789             if (I32)
1790             {
1791                 if (tyfv(tym))
1792                     genregs(cdb, MOVZXw, scrreg, reg); // MOVZX scrreg,msreg
1793                 else
1794                 {
1795                     genmovreg(cdb, scrreg, reg);      // MOV scrreg,msreg
1796                     if (tym == TYdouble || tym == TYdouble_alias)
1797                         cdb.gen2(0xD1, modregrm(3, 4, scrreg)); // SHL scrreg,1
1798                 }
1799             }
1800             else
1801             {
1802                 genmovreg(cdb, scrreg, reg);  // MOV scrreg,msreg
1803                 if (tym == TYfloat)
1804                     cdb.gen2(0xD1, modregrm(3, 4, scrreg)); // SHL scrreg,1
1805             }
1806             reg = findreglsw(regm);
1807             genorreg(cdb, scrreg, reg);           // OR scrreg,lsreg
1808         }
1809         else if (sz == 8)
1810         {
1811             // !I32
1812             genmovreg(cdb, scrreg, AX);           // MOV scrreg,AX
1813             if (tym == TYdouble || tym == TYdouble_alias)
1814                 cdb.gen2(0xD1 ,modregrm(3, 4, scrreg));         // SHL scrreg,1
1815             genorreg(cdb, scrreg, BX);            // OR scrreg,BX
1816             genorreg(cdb, scrreg, CX);            // OR scrreg,CX
1817             genorreg(cdb, scrreg, DX);            // OR scrreg,DX
1818         }
1819         else
1820             assert(0);
1821     }
1822     else
1823     {
1824         if (I32 || sz == REGSIZE * 2)
1825         {
1826             // can't test ES:LSW for 0
1827             assert(regm & mMSW & ALLREGS && regm & (mLSW | mBP));
1828 
1829             reg = findregmsw(regm);
1830             if (regcon.mvar & mask(reg))        // if register variable
1831                 goto L1;                        // don't trash it
1832             getregs(cdb, mask(reg));            // we're going to trash reg
1833             if (tyfloating(tym) && sz == 2 * _tysize[TYint])
1834                 cdb.gen2(0xD1, modregrm(3 ,4, reg));   // SHL reg,1
1835             genorreg(cdb, reg, findreglsw(regm));     // OR reg,reg+1
1836             if (I64)
1837                 code_orrex(cdb.last(), REX_W);
1838        }
1839         else if (sz == 8)
1840         {   assert(regm == DOUBLEREGS_16);
1841             getregs(cdb,mAX);                  // allocate AX
1842             if (tym == TYdouble || tym == TYdouble_alias)
1843                 cdb.gen2(0xD1, modregrm(3, 4, AX));       // SHL AX,1
1844             genorreg(cdb, AX, BX);          // OR AX,BX
1845             genorreg(cdb, AX, CX);          // OR AX,CX
1846             genorreg(cdb, AX, DX);          // OR AX,DX
1847         }
1848         else
1849             assert(0);
1850     }
1851     code_orflag(cdb.last(),CFpsw);
1852 }
1853 
1854 /******************************
1855  * Given the result of an expression is in retregs,
1856  * generate necessary code to return result in *pretregs.
1857  */
1858 
1859 void fixresult(ref CodeBuilder cdb, elem *e, regm_t retregs, regm_t *pretregs)
1860 {
1861     //printf("fixresult(e = %p, retregs = %s, *pretregs = %s)\n",e,regm_str(retregs),regm_str(*pretregs));
1862     if (*pretregs == 0) return;           // if don't want result
1863     assert(e && retregs);                 // need something to work with
1864     regm_t forccs = *pretregs & mPSW;
1865     regm_t forregs = *pretregs & (mST01 | mST0 | mBP | ALLREGS | mES | mSTACK | XMMREGS);
1866     tym_t tym = tybasic(e.Ety);
1867 
1868     if (tym == TYstruct)
1869     {
1870         if (e.Eoper == OPpair || e.Eoper == OPrpair)
1871         {
1872             if (I64)
1873                 tym = TYucent;
1874             else
1875                 tym = TYullong;
1876         }
1877         else
1878             // Hack to support cdstreq()
1879             tym = (forregs & mMSW) ? TYfptr : TYnptr;
1880     }
1881     int sz = _tysize[tym];
1882 
1883     if (sz == 1)
1884     {
1885         assert(retregs & BYTEREGS);
1886         const reg = findreg(retregs);
1887         if (e.Eoper == OPvar &&
1888             e.EV.Voffset == 1 &&
1889             e.EV.Vsym.Sfl == FLreg)
1890         {
1891             assert(reg < 4);
1892             if (forccs)
1893                 cdb.gen2(0x84, modregrm(3, reg | 4, reg | 4));   // TEST regH,regH
1894             forccs = 0;
1895         }
1896     }
1897 
1898     reg_t reg,rreg;
1899     if ((retregs & forregs) == retregs)   // if already in right registers
1900         *pretregs = retregs;
1901     else if (forregs)             // if return the result in registers
1902     {
1903         if ((forregs | retregs) & (mST01 | mST0))
1904         {
1905             fixresult87(cdb, e, retregs, pretregs);
1906             return;
1907         }
1908         uint opsflag = false;
1909         if (I16 && sz == 8)
1910         {
1911             if (forregs & mSTACK)
1912             {
1913                 assert(retregs == DOUBLEREGS_16);
1914                 // Push floating regs
1915                 cdb.gen1(0x50 + AX);
1916                 cdb.gen1(0x50 + BX);
1917                 cdb.gen1(0x50 + CX);
1918                 cdb.gen1(0x50 + DX);
1919                 stackpush += DOUBLESIZE;
1920             }
1921             else if (retregs & mSTACK)
1922             {
1923                 assert(forregs == DOUBLEREGS_16);
1924                 // Pop floating regs
1925                 getregs(cdb,forregs);
1926                 cdb.gen1(0x58 + DX);
1927                 cdb.gen1(0x58 + CX);
1928                 cdb.gen1(0x58 + BX);
1929                 cdb.gen1(0x58 + AX);
1930                 stackpush -= DOUBLESIZE;
1931                 retregs = DOUBLEREGS_16; // for tstresult() below
1932             }
1933             else
1934             {
1935                 debug
1936                 printf("retregs = %s, forregs = %s\n", regm_str(retregs), regm_str(forregs)),
1937                 assert(0);
1938             }
1939             if (!OTleaf(e.Eoper))
1940                 opsflag = true;
1941         }
1942         else
1943         {
1944             allocreg(cdb, pretregs, &rreg, tym);  // allocate return regs
1945             if (retregs & XMMREGS)
1946             {
1947                 reg = findreg(retregs & XMMREGS);
1948                 if (mask(rreg) & XMMREGS)
1949                     genmovreg(cdb, rreg, reg, tym);
1950                 else
1951                 {
1952                     // MOVSD floatreg, XMM?
1953                     cdb.genxmmreg(xmmstore(tym), reg, 0, tym);
1954                     // MOV rreg,floatreg
1955                     cdb.genfltreg(0x8B,rreg,0);
1956                     if (sz == 8)
1957                     {
1958                         if (I32)
1959                         {
1960                             rreg = findregmsw(*pretregs);
1961                             cdb.genfltreg(0x8B, rreg,4);
1962                         }
1963                         else
1964                             code_orrex(cdb.last(),REX_W);
1965                     }
1966                 }
1967             }
1968             else if (forregs & XMMREGS)
1969             {
1970                 reg = findreg(retregs & (mBP | ALLREGS));
1971                 switch (sz)
1972                 {
1973                     case 4:
1974                         cdb.gen2(LODD, modregxrmx(3, rreg - XMM0, reg)); // MOVD xmm,reg
1975                         break;
1976 
1977                     case 8:
1978                         if (I32)
1979                         {
1980                             cdb.genfltreg(0x89, reg, 0);
1981                             reg = findregmsw(retregs);
1982                             cdb.genfltreg(0x89, reg, 4);
1983                             cdb.genxmmreg(xmmload(tym), rreg, 0, tym); // MOVQ xmm,mem
1984                         }
1985                         else
1986                         {
1987                             cdb.gen2(LODD /* [sic!] */, modregxrmx(3, rreg - XMM0, reg));
1988                             code_orrex(cdb.last(), REX_W); // MOVQ xmm,reg
1989                         }
1990                         break;
1991 
1992                     default:
1993                         assert(false);
1994                 }
1995                 checkSetVex(cdb.last(), tym);
1996             }
1997             else if (sz > REGSIZE)
1998             {
1999                 uint msreg = findregmsw(retregs);
2000                 uint lsreg = findreglsw(retregs);
2001                 uint msrreg = findregmsw(*pretregs);
2002                 uint lsrreg = findreglsw(*pretregs);
2003 
2004                 genmovreg(cdb, msrreg, msreg); // MOV msrreg,msreg
2005                 genmovreg(cdb, lsrreg, lsreg); // MOV lsrreg,lsreg
2006             }
2007             else
2008             {
2009                 assert(!(retregs & XMMREGS));
2010                 assert(!(forregs & XMMREGS));
2011                 reg = findreg(retregs & (mBP | ALLREGS));
2012                 if (I64 && sz <= 4)
2013                     genregs(cdb, 0x89, reg, rreg);  // only move 32 bits, and zero the top 32 bits
2014                 else
2015                     genmovreg(cdb, rreg, reg);    // MOV rreg,reg
2016             }
2017         }
2018         cssave(e,retregs | *pretregs,opsflag);
2019         // Commented out due to Bugzilla 8840
2020         //forregs = 0;    // don't care about result in reg cuz real result is in rreg
2021         retregs = *pretregs & ~mPSW;
2022     }
2023     if (forccs)                           // if return result in flags
2024     {
2025         if (retregs & (mST01 | mST0))
2026         {
2027             *pretregs |= forccs;
2028             fixresult87(cdb, e, retregs, pretregs);
2029         }
2030         else
2031             tstresult(cdb, retregs, tym, forregs);
2032     }
2033 }
2034 
2035 /*******************************
2036  * Extra information about each CLIB runtime library function.
2037  */
2038 
2039 enum
2040 {
2041     INF32         = 1,      /// if 32 bit only
2042     INFfloat      = 2,      /// if this is floating point
2043     INFwkdone     = 4,      /// if weak extern is already done
2044     INF64         = 8,      /// if 64 bit only
2045     INFpushebx    = 0x10,   /// push EBX before load_localgot()
2046     INFpusheabcdx = 0x20,   /// pass EAX/EBX/ECX/EDX on stack, callee does ret 16
2047 }
2048 
2049 struct ClibInfo
2050 {
2051     regm_t retregs16;   /* registers that 16 bit result is returned in  */
2052     regm_t retregs32;   /* registers that 32 bit result is returned in  */
2053     ubyte pop;          // # of bytes popped off of stack upon return
2054     ubyte flags;        /// INFxxx
2055     byte push87;                        // # of pushes onto the 8087 stack
2056     byte pop87;                         // # of pops off of the 8087 stack
2057 }
2058 
2059 __gshared int clib_inited = false;          // true if initialized
2060 
2061 Symbol* symboly(const(char)* name, regm_t desregs)
2062 {
2063     Symbol *s = symbol_calloc(name);
2064     s.Stype = tsclib;
2065     s.Sclass = SCextern;
2066     s.Sfl = FLfunc;
2067     s.Ssymnum = 0;
2068     s.Sregsaved = ~desregs & (mBP | mES | ALLREGS);
2069     return s;
2070 }
2071 
2072 void getClibInfo(uint clib, Symbol** ps, ClibInfo** pinfo)
2073 {
2074     __gshared Symbol*[CLIB.MAX] clibsyms;
2075     __gshared ClibInfo[CLIB.MAX] clibinfo;
2076 
2077     if (!clib_inited)
2078     {
2079         for (size_t i = 0; i < CLIB.MAX; ++i)
2080         {
2081             Symbol* s = clibsyms[i];
2082             if (s)
2083             {
2084                 s.Sxtrnnum = 0;
2085                 s.Stypidx = 0;
2086                 clibinfo[i].flags &= ~INFwkdone;
2087             }
2088         }
2089         clib_inited = true;
2090     }
2091 
2092     const uint ex_unix = (EX_LINUX   | EX_LINUX64   |
2093                           EX_OSX     | EX_OSX64     |
2094                           EX_FREEBSD | EX_FREEBSD64 |
2095                           EX_OPENBSD | EX_OPENBSD64 |
2096                           EX_DRAGONFLYBSD64 |
2097                           EX_SOLARIS | EX_SOLARIS64);
2098 
2099     ClibInfo* cinfo = &clibinfo[clib];
2100     Symbol* s = clibsyms[clib];
2101     if (!s)
2102     {
2103 
2104         switch (clib)
2105         {
2106             case CLIB.lcmp:
2107                 {
2108                     const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__LCMP__" : "_LCMP@";
2109                     s = symboly(name, 0);
2110                 }
2111                 break;
2112 
2113             case CLIB.lmul:
2114                 {
2115                     const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__LMUL__" : "_LMUL@";
2116                     s = symboly(name, mAX|mCX|mDX);
2117                     cinfo.retregs16 = mDX|mAX;
2118                     cinfo.retregs32 = mDX|mAX;
2119                 }
2120                 break;
2121 
2122             case CLIB.ldiv:
2123                 cinfo.retregs16 = mDX|mAX;
2124                 if (config.exe & (EX_LINUX | EX_FREEBSD))
2125                 {
2126                     s = symboly("__divdi3", mAX|mBX|mCX|mDX);
2127                     cinfo.flags = INFpushebx;
2128                     cinfo.retregs32 = mDX|mAX;
2129                 }
2130                 else if (config.exe & (EX_OPENBSD | EX_SOLARIS))
2131                 {
2132                     s = symboly("__LDIV2__", mAX|mBX|mCX|mDX);
2133                     cinfo.flags = INFpushebx;
2134                     cinfo.retregs32 = mDX|mAX;
2135                 }
2136                 else if (I32 && config.objfmt == OBJ_MSCOFF)
2137                 {
2138                     s = symboly("_alldiv", mAX|mBX|mCX|mDX);
2139                     cinfo.flags = INFpusheabcdx;
2140                     cinfo.retregs32 = mDX|mAX;
2141                 }
2142                 else
2143                 {
2144                     const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__LDIV__" : "_LDIV@";
2145                     s = symboly(name, (config.exe & ex_unix) ? mAX|mBX|mCX|mDX : ALLREGS);
2146                     cinfo.retregs32 = mDX|mAX;
2147                 }
2148                 break;
2149 
2150             case CLIB.lmod:
2151                 cinfo.retregs16 = mCX|mBX;
2152                 if (config.exe & (EX_LINUX | EX_FREEBSD))
2153                 {
2154                     s = symboly("__moddi3", mAX|mBX|mCX|mDX);
2155                     cinfo.flags = INFpushebx;
2156                     cinfo.retregs32 = mDX|mAX;
2157                 }
2158                 else if (config.exe & (EX_OPENBSD | EX_SOLARIS))
2159                 {
2160                     s = symboly("__LDIV2__", mAX|mBX|mCX|mDX);
2161                     cinfo.flags = INFpushebx;
2162                     cinfo.retregs32 = mCX|mBX;
2163                 }
2164                 else if (I32 && config.objfmt == OBJ_MSCOFF)
2165                 {
2166                     s = symboly("_allrem", mAX|mBX|mCX|mDX);
2167                     cinfo.flags = INFpusheabcdx;
2168                     cinfo.retregs32 = mAX|mDX;
2169                 }
2170                 else
2171                 {
2172                     const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__LDIV__" : "_LDIV@";
2173                     s = symboly(name, (config.exe & ex_unix) ? mAX|mBX|mCX|mDX : ALLREGS);
2174                     cinfo.retregs32 = mCX|mBX;
2175                 }
2176                 break;
2177 
2178             case CLIB.uldiv:
2179                 cinfo.retregs16 = mDX|mAX;
2180                 if (config.exe & (EX_LINUX | EX_FREEBSD))
2181                 {
2182                     s = symboly("__udivdi3", mAX|mBX|mCX|mDX);
2183                     cinfo.flags = INFpushebx;
2184                     cinfo.retregs32 = mDX|mAX;
2185                 }
2186                 else if (config.exe & (EX_OPENBSD | EX_SOLARIS))
2187                 {
2188                     s = symboly("__ULDIV2__", mAX|mBX|mCX|mDX);
2189                     cinfo.flags = INFpushebx;
2190                     cinfo.retregs32 = mDX|mAX;
2191                 }
2192                 else if (I32 && config.objfmt == OBJ_MSCOFF)
2193                 {
2194                     s = symboly("_aulldiv", mAX|mBX|mCX|mDX);
2195                     cinfo.flags = INFpusheabcdx;
2196                     cinfo.retregs32 = mDX|mAX;
2197                 }
2198                 else
2199                 {
2200                     const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__ULDIV__" : "_ULDIV@";
2201                     s = symboly(name, (config.exe & ex_unix) ? mAX|mBX|mCX|mDX : ALLREGS);
2202                     cinfo.retregs32 = mDX|mAX;
2203                 }
2204                 break;
2205 
2206             case CLIB.ulmod:
2207                 cinfo.retregs16 = mCX|mBX;
2208                 if (config.exe & (EX_LINUX | EX_FREEBSD))
2209                 {
2210                     s = symboly("__umoddi3", mAX|mBX|mCX|mDX);
2211                     cinfo.flags = INFpushebx;
2212                     cinfo.retregs32 = mDX|mAX;
2213                 }
2214                 else if (config.exe & (EX_OPENBSD | EX_SOLARIS))
2215                 {
2216                     s = symboly("__LDIV2__", mAX|mBX|mCX|mDX);
2217                     cinfo.flags = INFpushebx;
2218                     cinfo.retregs32 = mCX|mBX;
2219                 }
2220                 else if (I32 && config.objfmt == OBJ_MSCOFF)
2221                 {
2222                     s = symboly("_aullrem", mAX|mBX|mCX|mDX);
2223                     cinfo.flags = INFpusheabcdx;
2224                     cinfo.retregs32 = mAX|mDX;
2225                 }
2226                 else
2227                 {
2228                     const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__ULDIV__" : "_ULDIV@";
2229                     s = symboly(name, (config.exe & ex_unix) ? mAX|mBX|mCX|mDX : ALLREGS);
2230                     cinfo.retregs32 = mCX|mBX;
2231                 }
2232                 break;
2233 
2234             // This section is only for Windows and DOS (i.e. machines without the x87 FPU)
2235             case CLIB.dmul:
2236                 s = symboly("_DMUL@",mAX|mBX|mCX|mDX);
2237                 cinfo.retregs16 = DOUBLEREGS_16;
2238                 cinfo.retregs32 = DOUBLEREGS_32;
2239                 cinfo.pop = 8;
2240                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2241                 cinfo.push87 = 1;
2242                 cinfo.pop87 = 1;
2243                 break;
2244 
2245             case CLIB.ddiv:
2246                 s = symboly("_DDIV@",mAX|mBX|mCX|mDX);
2247                 cinfo.retregs16 = DOUBLEREGS_16;
2248                 cinfo.retregs32 = DOUBLEREGS_32;
2249                 cinfo.pop = 8;
2250                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2251                 cinfo.push87 = 1;
2252                 cinfo.pop87 = 1;
2253                 break;
2254 
2255             case CLIB.dtst0:
2256                 s = symboly("_DTST0@",0);
2257                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2258                 break;
2259 
2260             case CLIB.dtst0exc:
2261                 s = symboly("_DTST0EXC@",0);
2262                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2263                 break;
2264 
2265             case CLIB.dcmp:
2266                 s = symboly("_DCMP@",0);
2267                 cinfo.pop = 8;
2268                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2269                 cinfo.push87 = 1;
2270                 cinfo.pop87 = 1;
2271                 break;
2272 
2273             case CLIB.dcmpexc:
2274                 s = symboly("_DCMPEXC@",0);
2275                 cinfo.pop = 8;
2276                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2277                 cinfo.push87 = 1;
2278                 cinfo.pop87 = 1;
2279                 break;
2280 
2281             case CLIB.dneg:
2282                 s = symboly("_DNEG@",I16 ? DOUBLEREGS_16 : DOUBLEREGS_32);
2283                 cinfo.retregs16 = DOUBLEREGS_16;
2284                 cinfo.retregs32 = DOUBLEREGS_32;
2285                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2286                 break;
2287 
2288             case CLIB.dadd:
2289                 s = symboly("_DADD@",mAX|mBX|mCX|mDX);
2290                 cinfo.retregs16 = DOUBLEREGS_16;
2291                 cinfo.retregs32 = DOUBLEREGS_32;
2292                 cinfo.pop = 8;
2293                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2294                 cinfo.push87 = 1;
2295                 cinfo.pop87 = 1;
2296                 break;
2297 
2298             case CLIB.dsub:
2299                 s = symboly("_DSUB@",mAX|mBX|mCX|mDX);
2300                 cinfo.retregs16 = DOUBLEREGS_16;
2301                 cinfo.retregs32 = DOUBLEREGS_32;
2302                 cinfo.pop = 8;
2303                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2304                 cinfo.push87 = 1;
2305                 cinfo.pop87 = 1;
2306                 break;
2307 
2308             case CLIB.fmul:
2309                 s = symboly("_FMUL@",mAX|mBX|mCX|mDX);
2310                 cinfo.retregs16 = FLOATREGS_16;
2311                 cinfo.retregs32 = FLOATREGS_32;
2312                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2313                 cinfo.push87 = 1;
2314                 cinfo.pop87 = 1;
2315                 break;
2316 
2317             case CLIB.fdiv:
2318                 s = symboly("_FDIV@",mAX|mBX|mCX|mDX);
2319                 cinfo.retregs16 = FLOATREGS_16;
2320                 cinfo.retregs32 = FLOATREGS_32;
2321                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2322                 cinfo.push87 = 1;
2323                 cinfo.pop87 = 1;
2324                 break;
2325 
2326             case CLIB.ftst0:
2327                 s = symboly("_FTST0@",0);
2328                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2329                 break;
2330 
2331             case CLIB.ftst0exc:
2332                 s = symboly("_FTST0EXC@",0);
2333                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2334                 break;
2335 
2336             case CLIB.fcmp:
2337                 s = symboly("_FCMP@",0);
2338                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2339                 cinfo.push87 = 1;
2340                 cinfo.pop87 = 1;
2341                 break;
2342 
2343             case CLIB.fcmpexc:
2344                 s = symboly("_FCMPEXC@",0);
2345                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2346                 cinfo.push87 = 1;
2347                 cinfo.pop87 = 1;
2348                 break;
2349 
2350             case CLIB.fneg:
2351                 s = symboly("_FNEG@",I16 ? FLOATREGS_16 : FLOATREGS_32);
2352                 cinfo.retregs16 = FLOATREGS_16;
2353                 cinfo.retregs32 = FLOATREGS_32;
2354                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2355                 break;
2356 
2357             case CLIB.fadd:
2358                 s = symboly("_FADD@",mAX|mBX|mCX|mDX);
2359                 cinfo.retregs16 = FLOATREGS_16;
2360                 cinfo.retregs32 = FLOATREGS_32;
2361                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2362                 cinfo.push87 = 1;
2363                 cinfo.pop87 = 1;
2364                 break;
2365 
2366             case CLIB.fsub:
2367                 s = symboly("_FSUB@",mAX|mBX|mCX|mDX);
2368                 cinfo.retregs16 = FLOATREGS_16;
2369                 cinfo.retregs32 = FLOATREGS_32;
2370                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2371                 cinfo.push87 = 1;
2372                 cinfo.pop87 = 1;
2373                 break;
2374 
2375             case CLIB.dbllng:
2376             {
2377                 const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__DBLLNG" : "_DBLLNG@";
2378                 s = symboly(name, I16 ? DOUBLEREGS_16 : DOUBLEREGS_32);
2379                 cinfo.retregs16 = mDX | mAX;
2380                 cinfo.retregs32 = mAX;
2381                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2382                 cinfo.push87 = 1;
2383                 cinfo.pop87 = 1;
2384                 break;
2385             }
2386 
2387             case CLIB.lngdbl:
2388             {
2389                 const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__LNGDBL" : "_LNGDBL@";
2390                 s = symboly(name, I16 ? DOUBLEREGS_16 : DOUBLEREGS_32);
2391                 cinfo.retregs16 = DOUBLEREGS_16;
2392                 cinfo.retregs32 = DOUBLEREGS_32;
2393                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2394                 cinfo.push87 = 1;
2395                 cinfo.pop87 = 1;
2396                 break;
2397             }
2398 
2399             case CLIB.dblint:
2400             {
2401                 const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__DBLINT" : "_DBLINT@";
2402                 s = symboly(name, I16 ? DOUBLEREGS_16 : DOUBLEREGS_32);
2403                 cinfo.retregs16 = mAX;
2404                 cinfo.retregs32 = mAX;
2405                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2406                 cinfo.push87 = 1;
2407                 cinfo.pop87 = 1;
2408                 break;
2409             }
2410 
2411             case CLIB.intdbl:
2412             {
2413                 const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__INTDBL" : "_INTDBL@";
2414                 s = symboly(name, I16 ? DOUBLEREGS_16 : DOUBLEREGS_32);
2415                 cinfo.retregs16 = DOUBLEREGS_16;
2416                 cinfo.retregs32 = DOUBLEREGS_32;
2417                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2418                 cinfo.push87 = 1;
2419                 cinfo.pop87 = 1;
2420                 break;
2421             }
2422 
2423             case CLIB.dbluns:
2424             {
2425                 const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__DBLUNS" : "_DBLUNS@";
2426                 s = symboly(name, I16 ? DOUBLEREGS_16 : DOUBLEREGS_32);
2427                 cinfo.retregs16 = mAX;
2428                 cinfo.retregs32 = mAX;
2429                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2430                 cinfo.push87 = 1;
2431                 cinfo.pop87 = 1;
2432                 break;
2433             }
2434 
2435             case CLIB.unsdbl:
2436                 // Y(DOUBLEREGS_32,"__UNSDBL"),         // CLIB.unsdbl
2437                 // Y(DOUBLEREGS_16,"_UNSDBL@"),
2438                 // {DOUBLEREGS_16,DOUBLEREGS_32,0,INFfloat,1,1},       // _UNSDBL@     unsdbl
2439             {
2440                 const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__UNSDBL" : "_UNSDBL@";
2441                 s = symboly(name, I16 ? DOUBLEREGS_16 : DOUBLEREGS_32);
2442                 cinfo.retregs16 = DOUBLEREGS_16;
2443                 cinfo.retregs32 = DOUBLEREGS_32;
2444                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2445                 cinfo.push87 = 1;
2446                 cinfo.pop87 = 1;
2447                 break;
2448             }
2449 
2450             case CLIB.dblulng:
2451             {
2452                 const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__DBLULNG" : "_DBLULNG@";
2453                 s = symboly(name, I16 ? DOUBLEREGS_16 : DOUBLEREGS_32);
2454                 cinfo.retregs16 = mDX|mAX;
2455                 cinfo.retregs32 = mAX;
2456                 cinfo.flags = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? INFfloat | INF32 : INFfloat;
2457                 cinfo.push87 = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? 0 : 1;
2458                 cinfo.pop87 = 1;
2459                 break;
2460             }
2461 
2462             case CLIB.ulngdbl:
2463             {
2464                 const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__ULNGDBL@" : "_ULNGDBL@";
2465                 s = symboly(name, I16 ? DOUBLEREGS_16 : DOUBLEREGS_32);
2466                 cinfo.retregs16 = DOUBLEREGS_16;
2467                 cinfo.retregs32 = DOUBLEREGS_32;
2468                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2469                 cinfo.push87 = 1;
2470                 cinfo.pop87 = 1;
2471                 break;
2472             }
2473 
2474             case CLIB.dblflt:
2475             {
2476                 const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__DBLFLT" : "_DBLFLT@";
2477                 s = symboly(name, I16 ? DOUBLEREGS_16 : DOUBLEREGS_32);
2478                 cinfo.retregs16 = FLOATREGS_16;
2479                 cinfo.retregs32 = FLOATREGS_32;
2480                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2481                 cinfo.push87 = 1;
2482                 cinfo.pop87 = 1;
2483                 break;
2484             }
2485 
2486             case CLIB.fltdbl:
2487             {
2488                 const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__FLTDBL" : "_FLTDBL@";
2489                 s = symboly(name, I16 ? ALLREGS : DOUBLEREGS_32);
2490                 cinfo.retregs16 = DOUBLEREGS_16;
2491                 cinfo.retregs32 = DOUBLEREGS_32;
2492                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2493                 cinfo.push87 = 1;
2494                 cinfo.pop87 = 1;
2495                 break;
2496             }
2497 
2498             case CLIB.dblllng:
2499             {
2500                 const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__DBLLLNG" : "_DBLLLNG@";
2501                 s = symboly(name, I16 ? DOUBLEREGS_16 : DOUBLEREGS_32);
2502                 cinfo.retregs16 = DOUBLEREGS_16;
2503                 cinfo.retregs32 = mDX|mAX;
2504                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2505                 cinfo.push87 = 1;
2506                 cinfo.pop87 = 1;
2507                 break;
2508             }
2509 
2510             case CLIB.llngdbl:
2511             {
2512                 const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__LLNGDBL" : "_LLNGDBL@";
2513                 s = symboly(name, I16 ? DOUBLEREGS_16 : DOUBLEREGS_32);
2514                 cinfo.retregs16 = DOUBLEREGS_16;
2515                 cinfo.retregs32 = DOUBLEREGS_32;
2516                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2517                 cinfo.push87 = 1;
2518                 cinfo.pop87 = 1;
2519                 break;
2520             }
2521 
2522             case CLIB.dblullng:
2523             {
2524                 if (config.exe == EX_WIN64)
2525                 {
2526                     s = symboly("__DBLULLNG", DOUBLEREGS_32);
2527                     cinfo.retregs32 = mAX;
2528                     cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2529                     cinfo.push87 = 2;
2530                     cinfo.pop87 = 2;
2531                 }
2532                 else
2533                 {
2534                     const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__DBLULLNG" : "_DBLULLNG@";
2535                     s = symboly(name, I16 ? DOUBLEREGS_16 : DOUBLEREGS_32);
2536                     cinfo.retregs16 = DOUBLEREGS_16;
2537                     cinfo.retregs32 = I64 ? mAX : mDX|mAX;
2538                     cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2539                     cinfo.push87 = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? 2 : 1;
2540                     cinfo.pop87 = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? 2 : 1;
2541                 }
2542                 break;
2543             }
2544 
2545             case CLIB.ullngdbl:
2546             {
2547                 if (config.exe == EX_WIN64)
2548                 {
2549                     s = symboly("__ULLNGDBL", DOUBLEREGS_32);
2550                     cinfo.retregs32 = mAX;
2551                     cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2552                     cinfo.push87 = 1;
2553                     cinfo.pop87 = 1;
2554                 }
2555                 else
2556                 {
2557                     const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__ULLNGDBL" : "_ULLNGDBL@";
2558                     s = symboly(name, I16 ? DOUBLEREGS_16 : DOUBLEREGS_32);
2559                     cinfo.retregs16 = DOUBLEREGS_16;
2560                     cinfo.retregs32 = I64 ? mAX : DOUBLEREGS_32;
2561                     cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2562                     cinfo.push87 = 1;
2563                     cinfo.pop87 = 1;
2564                 }
2565                 break;
2566             }
2567 
2568             case CLIB.dtst:
2569             {
2570                 const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__DTST" : "_DTST@";
2571                 s = symboly(name, 0);
2572                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2573                 break;
2574             }
2575 
2576             case CLIB.vptrfptr:
2577             {
2578                 const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__HTOFPTR" : "_HTOFPTR@";
2579                 s = symboly(name, mES|mBX);
2580                 cinfo.retregs16 = mES|mBX;
2581                 cinfo.retregs32 = mES|mBX;
2582                 break;
2583             }
2584 
2585             case CLIB.cvptrfptr:
2586             {
2587                 const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__HCTOFPTR" : "_HCTOFPTR@";
2588                 s = symboly(name, mES|mBX);
2589                 cinfo.retregs16 = mES|mBX;
2590                 cinfo.retregs32 = mES|mBX;
2591                 break;
2592             }
2593 
2594             case CLIB._87topsw:
2595             {
2596                 const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__87TOPSW" : "_87TOPSW@";
2597                 s = symboly(name, 0);
2598                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2599                 break;
2600             }
2601 
2602             case CLIB.fltto87:
2603             {
2604                 const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__FLTTO87" : "_FLTTO87@";
2605                 s = symboly(name, mST0);
2606                 cinfo.retregs16 = mST0;
2607                 cinfo.retregs32 = mST0;
2608                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2609                 cinfo.push87 = 1;
2610                 break;
2611             }
2612 
2613             case CLIB.dblto87:
2614             {
2615                 const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__DBLTO87" : "_DBLTO87@";
2616                 s = symboly(name, mST0);
2617                 cinfo.retregs16 = mST0;
2618                 cinfo.retregs32 = mST0;
2619                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2620                 cinfo.push87 = 1;
2621                 break;
2622             }
2623 
2624             case CLIB.dblint87:
2625             {
2626                 const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__DBLINT87" : "_DBLINT87@";
2627                 s = symboly(name, mST0|mAX);
2628                 cinfo.retregs16 = mAX;
2629                 cinfo.retregs32 = mAX;
2630                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2631                 break;
2632             }
2633 
2634             case CLIB.dbllng87:
2635             {
2636                 const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__DBLLNG87" : "_DBLLNG87@";
2637                 s = symboly(name, mST0|mAX|mDX);
2638                 cinfo.retregs16 = mDX|mAX;
2639                 cinfo.retregs32 = mAX;
2640                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2641                 break;
2642             }
2643 
2644             case CLIB.ftst:
2645             {
2646                 const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__FTST" : "_FTST@";
2647                 s = symboly(name, 0);
2648                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2649                 break;
2650             }
2651 
2652             case CLIB.fcompp:
2653             {
2654                 const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__FCOMPP" : "_FCOMPP@";
2655                 s = symboly(name, 0);
2656                 cinfo.retregs16 = mPSW;
2657                 cinfo.retregs32 = mPSW;
2658                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2659                 cinfo.pop87 = 2;
2660                 break;
2661             }
2662 
2663             case CLIB.ftest:
2664             {
2665                 const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__FTEST" : "_FTEST@";
2666                 s = symboly(name, 0);
2667                 cinfo.retregs16 = mPSW;
2668                 cinfo.retregs32 = mPSW;
2669                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2670                 break;
2671             }
2672 
2673             case CLIB.ftest0:
2674             {
2675                 const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__FTEST0" : "_FTEST0@";
2676                 s = symboly(name, 0);
2677                 cinfo.retregs16 = mPSW;
2678                 cinfo.retregs32 = mPSW;
2679                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2680                 break;
2681             }
2682 
2683             case CLIB.fdiv87:
2684             {
2685                 const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__FDIVP" : "_FDIVP";
2686                 s = symboly(name, mST0|mAX|mBX|mCX|mDX);
2687                 cinfo.retregs16 = mST0;
2688                 cinfo.retregs32 = mST0;
2689                 cinfo.flags = INFfloat;
2690                 cinfo.push87 = 1;
2691                 cinfo.pop87 = 1;
2692                 break;
2693             }
2694 
2695             // Complex numbers
2696             case CLIB.cmul:
2697             {
2698                 s = symboly("_Cmul", mST0|mST01);
2699                 cinfo.retregs16 = mST01;
2700                 cinfo.retregs32 = mST01;
2701                 cinfo.flags = INF32|INFfloat;
2702                 cinfo.push87 = 3;
2703                 cinfo.pop87 = 5;
2704                 break;
2705             }
2706 
2707             case CLIB.cdiv:
2708             {
2709                 s = symboly("_Cdiv", mAX|mCX|mDX|mST0|mST01);
2710                 cinfo.retregs16 = mST01;
2711                 cinfo.retregs32 = mST01;
2712                 cinfo.flags = INF32|INFfloat;
2713                 cinfo.push87 = 0;
2714                 cinfo.pop87 = 2;
2715                 break;
2716             }
2717 
2718             case CLIB.ccmp:
2719             {
2720                 s = symboly("_Ccmp", mAX|mST0|mST01);
2721                 cinfo.retregs16 = mPSW;
2722                 cinfo.retregs32 = mPSW;
2723                 cinfo.flags = INF32|INFfloat;
2724                 cinfo.push87 = 0;
2725                 cinfo.pop87 = 4;
2726                 break;
2727             }
2728 
2729             case CLIB.u64_ldbl:
2730             {
2731                 const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? "__U64_LDBL" : "_U64_LDBL";
2732                 s = symboly(name, mST0);
2733                 cinfo.retregs16 = mST0;
2734                 cinfo.retregs32 = mST0;
2735                 cinfo.flags = INF32|INF64|INFfloat;
2736                 cinfo.push87 = 2;
2737                 cinfo.pop87 = 1;
2738                 break;
2739             }
2740 
2741             case CLIB.ld_u64:
2742             {
2743                 const(char)* name = (config.exe & ex_unix) ? (config.objfmt == OBJ_ELF ||
2744                                                              config.objfmt == OBJ_MACH ?
2745                                                                 "__LDBLULLNG" : "___LDBLULLNG")
2746                                                           : "__LDBLULLNG";
2747                 s = symboly(name, mST0|mAX|mDX);
2748                 cinfo.retregs16 = 0;
2749                 cinfo.retregs32 = mDX|mAX;
2750                 cinfo.flags = INF32|INF64|INFfloat;
2751                 cinfo.push87 = 1;
2752                 cinfo.pop87 = 2;
2753                 break;
2754             }
2755 
2756             default:
2757                 assert(0);
2758         }
2759         clibsyms[clib] = s;
2760     }
2761 
2762     *ps = s;
2763     *pinfo = cinfo;
2764 }
2765 
2766 /********************************
2767  * Generate code sequence to call C runtime library support routine.
2768  *      clib = CLIB.xxxx
2769  *      keepmask = mask of registers not to destroy. Currently can
2770  *              handle only 1. Should use a temporary rather than
2771  *              push/pop for speed.
2772  */
2773 
2774 void callclib(ref CodeBuilder cdb, elem* e, uint clib, regm_t* pretregs, regm_t keepmask)
2775 {
2776     //printf("callclib(e = %p, clib = %d, *pretregs = %s, keepmask = %s\n", e, clib, regm_str(*pretregs), regm_str(keepmask));
2777     //elem_print(e);
2778 
2779     Symbol* s;
2780     ClibInfo* cinfo;
2781     getClibInfo(clib, &s, &cinfo);
2782 
2783     if (I16)
2784         assert(!(cinfo.flags & (INF32 | INF64)));
2785     getregs(cdb,(~s.Sregsaved & (mES | mBP | ALLREGS)) & ~keepmask); // mask of regs destroyed
2786     keepmask &= ~s.Sregsaved;
2787     int npushed = numbitsset(keepmask);
2788     CodeBuilder cdbpop;
2789     cdbpop.ctor();
2790     gensaverestore(keepmask, cdb, cdbpop);
2791 
2792     save87regs(cdb,cinfo.push87);
2793     for (int i = 0; i < cinfo.push87; i++)
2794         push87(cdb);
2795 
2796     for (int i = 0; i < cinfo.pop87; i++)
2797         pop87();
2798 
2799     if (config.target_cpu >= TARGET_80386 && clib == CLIB.lmul && !I32)
2800     {
2801         static immutable ubyte[23] lmul =
2802         [
2803             0x66,0xc1,0xe1,0x10,        // shl  ECX,16
2804             0x8b,0xcb,                  // mov  CX,BX           ;ECX = CX,BX
2805             0x66,0xc1,0xe0,0x10,        // shl  EAX,16
2806             0x66,0x0f,0xac,0xd0,0x10,   // shrd EAX,EDX,16      ;EAX = DX,AX
2807             0x66,0xf7,0xe1,             // mul  ECX
2808             0x66,0x0f,0xa4,0xc2,0x10,   // shld EDX,EAX,16      ;DX,AX = EAX
2809         ];
2810 
2811         cdb.genasm(cast(char*)lmul.ptr, lmul.sizeof);
2812     }
2813     else
2814     {
2815         makeitextern(s);
2816         int nalign = 0;
2817         int pushebx = (cinfo.flags & INFpushebx) != 0;
2818         int pushall = (cinfo.flags & INFpusheabcdx) != 0;
2819         if (STACKALIGN >= 16)
2820         {   // Align the stack (assume no args on stack)
2821             int npush = (npushed + pushebx + 4 * pushall) * REGSIZE + stackpush;
2822             if (npush & (STACKALIGN - 1))
2823             {   nalign = STACKALIGN - (npush & (STACKALIGN - 1));
2824                 cod3_stackadj(cdb, nalign);
2825             }
2826         }
2827         if (pushebx)
2828         {
2829             if (config.exe & (EX_LINUX | EX_LINUX64 | EX_FREEBSD | EX_FREEBSD64 | EX_DRAGONFLYBSD64))
2830             {
2831                 cdb.gen1(0x50 + CX);                             // PUSH ECX
2832                 cdb.gen1(0x50 + BX);                             // PUSH EBX
2833                 cdb.gen1(0x50 + DX);                             // PUSH EDX
2834                 cdb.gen1(0x50 + AX);                             // PUSH EAX
2835                 nalign += 4 * REGSIZE;
2836             }
2837             else
2838             {
2839                 cdb.gen1(0x50 + BX);                             // PUSH EBX
2840                 nalign += REGSIZE;
2841             }
2842         }
2843         if (pushall)
2844         {
2845             cdb.gen1(0x50 + CX);                                 // PUSH ECX
2846             cdb.gen1(0x50 + BX);                                 // PUSH EBX
2847             cdb.gen1(0x50 + DX);                                 // PUSH EDX
2848             cdb.gen1(0x50 + AX);                                 // PUSH EAX
2849         }
2850         if (config.exe & (EX_LINUX | EX_FREEBSD | EX_OPENBSD | EX_SOLARIS))
2851         {
2852             // Note: not for OSX
2853             /* Pass EBX on the stack instead, this is because EBX is used
2854              * for shared library function calls
2855              */
2856             if (config.flags3 & CFG3pic)
2857             {
2858                 load_localgot(cdb);     // EBX gets set to this value
2859             }
2860         }
2861 
2862         cdb.gencs(LARGECODE ? 0x9A : 0xE8,0,FLfunc,s);  // CALL s
2863         if (nalign)
2864             cod3_stackadj(cdb, -nalign);
2865         calledafunc = 1;
2866 
2867         version (SCPP)
2868         {
2869             if (I16 &&                                   // bug in Optlink for weak references
2870                 config.flags3 & CFG3wkfloat &&
2871                 (cinfo.flags & (INFfloat | INFwkdone)) == INFfloat)
2872             {
2873                 cinfo.flags |= INFwkdone;
2874                 makeitextern(getRtlsym(RTLSYM_INTONLY));
2875                 objmod.wkext(s, getRtlsym(RTLSYM_INTONLY));
2876             }
2877         }
2878     }
2879     if (I16)
2880         stackpush -= cinfo.pop;
2881     regm_t retregs = I16 ? cinfo.retregs16 : cinfo.retregs32;
2882     cdb.append(cdbpop);
2883     fixresult(cdb, e, retregs, pretregs);
2884 }
2885 
2886 
2887 /*************************************************
2888  * Helper function for converting OPparam's into array of Parameters.
2889  */
2890 struct Parameter { elem* e; reg_t reg; reg_t reg2; uint numalign; }
2891 
2892 //void fillParameters(elem* e, Parameter* parameters, int* pi);
2893 
2894 void fillParameters(elem* e, Parameter* parameters, int* pi)
2895 {
2896     if (e.Eoper == OPparam)
2897     {
2898         fillParameters(e.EV.E1, parameters, pi);
2899         fillParameters(e.EV.E2, parameters, pi);
2900         freenode(e);
2901     }
2902     else
2903     {
2904         parameters[*pi].e = e;
2905         (*pi)++;
2906     }
2907 }
2908 
2909 /***********************************
2910  * tyf: type of the function
2911  */
2912 FuncParamRegs FuncParamRegs_create(tym_t tyf)
2913 {
2914     FuncParamRegs result;
2915 
2916     result.tyf = tyf;
2917 
2918     if (I16)
2919     {
2920         result.numintegerregs = 0;
2921         result.numfloatregs = 0;
2922     }
2923     else if (I32)
2924     {
2925         if (tyf == TYjfunc)
2926         {
2927             static immutable ubyte[1] reglist1 = [ AX ];
2928             result.argregs = &reglist1[0];
2929             result.numintegerregs = reglist1.length;
2930         }
2931         else if (tyf == TYmfunc)
2932         {
2933             static immutable ubyte[1] reglist2 = [ CX ];
2934             result.argregs = &reglist2[0];
2935             result.numintegerregs = reglist2.length;
2936         }
2937         else
2938             result.numintegerregs = 0;
2939         result.numfloatregs = 0;
2940     }
2941     else if (I64 && config.exe == EX_WIN64)
2942     {
2943         static immutable ubyte[4] reglist3 = [ CX,DX,R8,R9 ];
2944         result.argregs = &reglist3[0];
2945         result.numintegerregs = reglist3.length;
2946 
2947         static immutable ubyte[4] freglist3 = [ XMM0, XMM1, XMM2, XMM3 ];
2948         result.floatregs = &freglist3[0];
2949         result.numfloatregs = freglist3.length;
2950     }
2951     else if (I64)
2952     {
2953         static immutable ubyte[6] reglist4 = [ DI,SI,DX,CX,R8,R9 ];
2954         result.argregs = &reglist4[0];
2955         result.numintegerregs = reglist4.length;
2956 
2957         static immutable ubyte[8] freglist4 = [ XMM0, XMM1, XMM2, XMM3, XMM4, XMM5, XMM6, XMM7 ];
2958         result.floatregs = &freglist4[0];
2959         result.numfloatregs = freglist4.length;
2960     }
2961     else
2962         assert(0);
2963     return result;
2964 }
2965 
2966 /*****************************************
2967  * Allocate parameter of type t and ty to registers *preg1 and *preg2.
2968  * Params:
2969  *      t = type, valid only if ty is TYstruct or TYarray
2970  * Returns:
2971  *      false       not allocated to any register
2972  *      true        *preg1, *preg2 set to allocated register pair
2973  */
2974 
2975 //bool type_jparam2(type* t, tym_t ty);
2976 
2977 private bool type_jparam2(type* t, tym_t ty)
2978 {
2979     ty = tybasic(ty);
2980 
2981     if (tyfloating(ty))
2982         return false;
2983     else if (ty == TYstruct || ty == TYarray)
2984     {
2985         type_debug(t);
2986         targ_size_t sz = type_size(t);
2987         return (sz <= _tysize[TYnptr]) &&
2988                (config.exe == EX_WIN64 || sz == 1 || sz == 2 || sz == 4 || sz == 8);
2989     }
2990     else if (tysize(ty) <= _tysize[TYnptr])
2991         return true;
2992     return false;
2993 }
2994 
2995 int FuncParamRegs_alloc(ref FuncParamRegs fpr, type* t, tym_t ty, reg_t* preg1, reg_t* preg2)
2996 {
2997     //printf("FuncParamRegs::alloc(ty: TY%sm t: %p)\n", tystring[tybasic(ty)], t);
2998     //if (t) type_print(t);
2999 
3000     *preg1 = NOREG;
3001     *preg2 = NOREG;
3002 
3003     type* t2 = null;
3004     tym_t ty2 = TYMAX;
3005 
3006     // SROA with mixed registers
3007     if (ty & mTYxmmgpr)
3008     {
3009         ty = TYdouble;
3010         ty2 = TYllong;
3011     }
3012     else if (ty & mTYgprxmm)
3013     {
3014         ty = TYllong;
3015         ty2 = TYdouble;
3016     }
3017 
3018     // Treat array of 1 the same as its element type
3019     // (Don't put volatile parameters in registers)
3020     if (tybasic(ty) == TYarray && tybasic(t.Tty) == TYarray && t.Tdim == 1 && !(t.Tty & mTYvolatile)
3021         && type_size(t.Tnext) > 1)
3022     {
3023         t = t.Tnext;
3024         ty = t.Tty;
3025     }
3026 
3027     if (tybasic(ty) == TYstruct && type_zeroSize(t, fpr.tyf))
3028         return 0;               // don't allocate into registers
3029 
3030     ++fpr.i;
3031 
3032     // If struct or array
3033     if (tyaggregate(ty))
3034     {
3035         assert(t);
3036         if (config.exe == EX_WIN64)
3037         {
3038             /* Structs occupy a general purpose register, regardless of the struct
3039              * size or the number & types of its fields.
3040              */
3041             t = null;
3042             ty = TYnptr;
3043         }
3044         else
3045         {
3046             type* targ1, targ2;
3047             if (tybasic(t.Tty) == TYstruct)
3048             {
3049                 targ1 = t.Ttag.Sstruct.Sarg1type;
3050                 targ2 = t.Ttag.Sstruct.Sarg2type;
3051             }
3052             else if (tybasic(t.Tty) == TYarray)
3053             {
3054                 if (I64)
3055                     argtypes(t, targ1, targ2);
3056             }
3057             else
3058                 assert(0);
3059 
3060             if (targ1)
3061             {
3062                 t = targ1;
3063                 ty = t.Tty;
3064                 if (targ2)
3065                 {
3066                     t2 = targ2;
3067                     ty2 = t2.Tty;
3068                 }
3069             }
3070             else if (I64 && !targ2)
3071                 return 0;
3072         }
3073     }
3074 
3075     reg_t* preg = preg1;
3076     int regcntsave = fpr.regcnt;
3077     int xmmcntsave = fpr.xmmcnt;
3078 
3079     if (config.exe == EX_WIN64)
3080     {
3081         if (tybasic(ty) == TYcfloat)
3082         {
3083             ty = TYnptr;                // treat like a struct
3084         }
3085     }
3086     else if (I64)
3087     {
3088         if ((tybasic(ty) == TYcent || tybasic(ty) == TYucent) &&
3089             fpr.numintegerregs - fpr.regcnt >= 2)
3090         {
3091             // Allocate to register pair
3092             *preg1 = fpr.argregs[fpr.regcnt];
3093             *preg2 = fpr.argregs[fpr.regcnt + 1];
3094             fpr.regcnt += 2;
3095             return 1;
3096         }
3097 
3098         if (tybasic(ty) == TYcdouble &&
3099             fpr.numfloatregs - fpr.xmmcnt >= 2)
3100         {
3101             // Allocate to register pair
3102             *preg1 = fpr.floatregs[fpr.xmmcnt];
3103             *preg2 = fpr.floatregs[fpr.xmmcnt + 1];
3104             fpr.xmmcnt += 2;
3105             return 1;
3106         }
3107 
3108         if (tybasic(ty) == TYcfloat
3109             && fpr.numfloatregs - fpr.xmmcnt >= 1)
3110         {
3111             // Allocate XMM register
3112             *preg1 = fpr.floatregs[fpr.xmmcnt++];
3113             return 1;
3114         }
3115     }
3116 
3117     foreach (j; 0 .. 2)
3118     {
3119         if (fpr.regcnt < fpr.numintegerregs)
3120         {
3121             if ((I64 || (fpr.i == 1 && (fpr.tyf == TYjfunc || fpr.tyf == TYmfunc))) &&
3122                 type_jparam2(t, ty))
3123             {
3124                 *preg = fpr.argregs[fpr.regcnt];
3125                 ++fpr.regcnt;
3126                 if (config.exe == EX_WIN64)
3127                     ++fpr.xmmcnt;
3128                 goto Lnext;
3129             }
3130         }
3131         if (fpr.xmmcnt < fpr.numfloatregs)
3132         {
3133             if (tyxmmreg(ty))
3134             {
3135                 *preg = fpr.floatregs[fpr.xmmcnt];
3136                 if (config.exe == EX_WIN64)
3137                     ++fpr.regcnt;
3138                 ++fpr.xmmcnt;
3139                 goto Lnext;
3140             }
3141         }
3142         // Failed to allocate to a register
3143         if (j == 1)
3144         {   /* Unwind first preg1 assignment, because it's both or nothing
3145              */
3146             *preg1 = NOREG;
3147             fpr.regcnt = regcntsave;
3148             fpr.xmmcnt = xmmcntsave;
3149         }
3150         return 0;
3151 
3152      Lnext:
3153         if (tybasic(ty2) == TYMAX)
3154             break;
3155         preg = preg2;
3156         t = t2;
3157         ty = ty2;
3158     }
3159     return 1;
3160 }
3161 
3162 /***************************************
3163  * Finds replacemnt types for register passing of aggregates.
3164  */
3165 void argtypes(type* t, ref type* arg1type, ref type* arg2type)
3166 {
3167     if (!t) return;
3168 
3169     tym_t ty = t.Tty;
3170 
3171     if (!tyaggregate(ty))
3172         return;
3173 
3174     arg1type = arg2type = null;
3175 
3176     if (tybasic(ty) == TYarray)
3177     {
3178         size_t sz = cast(size_t) type_size(t);
3179         if (sz == 0)
3180             return;
3181 
3182         if ((I32 || config.exe == EX_WIN64) && (sz & (sz - 1)))  // power of 2
3183             return;
3184 
3185         if (config.exe == EX_WIN64 && sz > REGSIZE)
3186             return;
3187 
3188         if (sz <= 2 * REGSIZE)
3189         {
3190             type** argtype = &arg1type;
3191             size_t argsz = sz < REGSIZE ? sz : REGSIZE;
3192             foreach (v; 0 .. (sz > REGSIZE) + 1)
3193             {
3194                 *argtype = argsz == 1 ? tstypes[TYchar]
3195                          : argsz == 2 ? tstypes[TYshort]
3196                          : argsz <= 4 ? tstypes[TYlong]
3197                          : tstypes[TYllong];
3198                 argtype = &arg2type;
3199                 argsz = sz - REGSIZE;
3200             }
3201         }
3202 
3203         if (I64 && config.exe != EX_WIN64)
3204         {
3205             type* tn = t.Tnext;
3206             tym_t tyn = tn.Tty;
3207             while (tyn == TYarray)
3208             {
3209                 tn = tn.Tnext;
3210                 assert(tn);
3211                 tyn = tybasic(tn.Tty);
3212             }
3213 
3214             if (tybasic(tyn) == TYstruct)
3215             {
3216                 if (type_size(tn) == sz) // array(s) of size 1
3217                 {
3218                     arg1type = tn.Ttag.Sstruct.Sarg1type;
3219                     arg2type = tn.Ttag.Sstruct.Sarg2type;
3220                     return;
3221                 }
3222 
3223                 type* t1 = tn.Ttag.Sstruct.Sarg1type;
3224                 if (t1)
3225                 {
3226                     tn = t1;
3227                     tyn = tn.Tty;
3228                 }
3229             }
3230 
3231             if (sz == tysize(tyn))
3232             {
3233                 if (tysimd(tyn))
3234                 {
3235                     type* ts = type_fake(tybasic(tyn));
3236                     ts.Tcount = 1;
3237                     arg1type = ts;
3238                     return;
3239                 }
3240                 else if (tybasic(tyn) == TYldouble || tybasic(tyn) == TYildouble)
3241                 {
3242                     arg1type = tstypes[tybasic(tyn)];
3243                     return;
3244                 }
3245             }
3246 
3247             if (sz <= 16)
3248             {
3249                 if (tyfloating(tyn))
3250                 {
3251                     arg1type = sz <= 4 ? tstypes[TYfloat] : tstypes[TYdouble];
3252                     if (sz > 8)
3253                         arg2type = (sz - 8) <= 4 ? tstypes[TYfloat] : tstypes[TYdouble];
3254                 }
3255             }
3256         }
3257     }
3258     else if (tybasic(ty) == TYstruct)
3259     {
3260         // TODO: Move code from `cgelem.d:elstruct()` here
3261     }
3262 }
3263 
3264 /*******************************
3265  * Generate code sequence for function call.
3266  */
3267 
3268 void cdfunc(ref CodeBuilder cdb, elem* e, regm_t* pretregs)
3269 {
3270     //printf("cdfunc()\n"); elem_print(e);
3271     assert(e);
3272     uint numpara = 0;               // bytes of parameters
3273     uint numalign = 0;              // bytes to align stack before pushing parameters
3274     uint stackpushsave = stackpush;            // so we can compute # of parameters
3275     cgstate.stackclean++;
3276     regm_t keepmsk = 0;
3277     int xmmcnt = 0;
3278     tym_t tyf = tybasic(e.EV.E1.Ety);        // the function type
3279 
3280     // Easier to deal with parameters as an array: parameters[0..np]
3281     int np = OTbinary(e.Eoper) ? el_nparams(e.EV.E2) : 0;
3282     Parameter *parameters = cast(Parameter *)alloca(np * Parameter.sizeof);
3283 
3284     if (np)
3285     {
3286         int n = 0;
3287         fillParameters(e.EV.E2, parameters, &n);
3288         assert(n == np);
3289     }
3290 
3291     Symbol *sf = null;                  // symbol of the function being called
3292     if (e.EV.E1.Eoper == OPvar)
3293         sf = e.EV.E1.EV.Vsym;
3294 
3295     /* Assume called function access statics
3296      */
3297     if (config.exe & (EX_LINUX | EX_LINUX64 | EX_OSX | EX_FREEBSD | EX_FREEBSD64) &&
3298         config.flags3 & CFG3pic)
3299         cgstate.accessedTLS = true;
3300 
3301     /* Special handling for call to __tls_get_addr, we must save registers
3302      * before evaluating the parameter, so that the parameter load and call
3303      * are adjacent.
3304      */
3305     if (np == 1 && sf)
3306     {
3307         if (sf == tls_get_addr_sym)
3308             getregs(cdb, ~sf.Sregsaved & (mBP | ALLREGS | mES | XMMREGS));
3309     }
3310 
3311     uint stackalign = REGSIZE;
3312     if (tyf == TYf16func)
3313         stackalign = 2;
3314     // Figure out which parameters go in registers.
3315     // Compute numpara, the total bytes pushed on the stack
3316     FuncParamRegs fpr = FuncParamRegs_create(tyf);
3317     for (int i = np; --i >= 0;)
3318     {
3319         elem *ep = parameters[i].e;
3320         uint psize = cast(uint)_align(stackalign, paramsize(ep, tyf));     // align on stack boundary
3321         if (config.exe == EX_WIN64)
3322         {
3323             //printf("[%d] size = %u, numpara = %d ep = %p ", i, psize, numpara, ep); WRTYxx(ep.Ety); printf("\n");
3324             debug
3325             if (psize > REGSIZE) elem_print(e);
3326 
3327             assert(psize <= REGSIZE);
3328             psize = REGSIZE;
3329         }
3330         //printf("[%d] size = %u, numpara = %d ", i, psize, numpara); WRTYxx(ep.Ety); printf("\n");
3331         if (FuncParamRegs_alloc(fpr, ep.ET, ep.Ety, &parameters[i].reg, &parameters[i].reg2))
3332         {
3333             if (config.exe == EX_WIN64)
3334                 numpara += REGSIZE;             // allocate stack space for it anyway
3335             continue;   // goes in register, not stack
3336         }
3337 
3338         // Parameter i goes on the stack
3339         parameters[i].reg = NOREG;
3340         uint alignsize = el_alignsize(ep);
3341         parameters[i].numalign = 0;
3342         if (alignsize > stackalign &&
3343             (I64 || (alignsize >= 16 &&
3344                 (config.exe & (EX_OSX | EX_LINUX) && (tyaggregate(ep.Ety) || tyvector(ep.Ety))))))
3345         {
3346             if (alignsize > STACKALIGN)
3347             {
3348                 STACKALIGN = alignsize;
3349                 enforcealign = true;
3350             }
3351             uint newnumpara = (numpara + (alignsize - 1)) & ~(alignsize - 1);
3352             parameters[i].numalign = newnumpara - numpara;
3353             numpara = newnumpara;
3354             assert(config.exe != EX_WIN64);
3355         }
3356         numpara += psize;
3357     }
3358 
3359     if (config.exe == EX_WIN64)
3360     {
3361         if (numpara < 4 * REGSIZE)
3362             numpara = 4 * REGSIZE;
3363     }
3364 
3365     //printf("numpara = %d, stackpush = %d\n", numpara, stackpush);
3366     assert((numpara & (REGSIZE - 1)) == 0);
3367     assert((stackpush & (REGSIZE - 1)) == 0);
3368 
3369     /* Should consider reordering the order of evaluation of the parameters
3370      * so that args that go into registers are evaluated after args that get
3371      * pushed. We can reorder args that are constants or relconst's.
3372      */
3373 
3374     /* Determine if we should use cgstate.funcarg for the parameters or push them
3375      */
3376     bool usefuncarg = false;
3377     static if (0)
3378     {
3379         printf("test1 %d %d %d %d %d %d %d %d\n", (config.flags4 & CFG4speed)!=0, !Alloca.size,
3380             !(usednteh & (NTEH_try | NTEH_except | NTEHcpp | EHcleanup | EHtry | NTEHpassthru)),
3381             cast(int)numpara, !stackpush,
3382             (cgstate.funcargtos == ~0 || numpara < cgstate.funcargtos),
3383             (!typfunc(tyf) || sf && sf.Sflags & SFLexit), !I16);
3384     }
3385     if (config.flags4 & CFG4speed &&
3386         !Alloca.size &&
3387         /* The cleanup code calls a local function, leaving the return address on
3388          * the top of the stack. If parameters are placed there, the return address
3389          * is stepped on.
3390          * A better solution is turn this off only inside the cleanup code.
3391          */
3392         !usednteh &&
3393         !calledFinally &&
3394         (numpara || config.exe == EX_WIN64) &&
3395         stackpush == 0 &&               // cgstate.funcarg needs to be at top of stack
3396         (cgstate.funcargtos == ~0 || numpara < cgstate.funcargtos) &&
3397         (!(typfunc(tyf) || tyf == TYhfunc) || sf && sf.Sflags & SFLexit) &&
3398         !anyiasm && !I16
3399        )
3400     {
3401         for (int i = 0; i < np; i++)
3402         {
3403             elem* ep = parameters[i].e;
3404             int preg = parameters[i].reg;
3405             //printf("parameter[%d] = %d, np = %d\n", i, preg, np);
3406             if (preg == NOREG)
3407             {
3408                 switch (ep.Eoper)
3409                 {
3410                     case OPstrctor:
3411                     case OPstrthis:
3412                     case OPstrpar:
3413                     case OPnp_fp:
3414                         goto Lno;
3415 
3416                     default:
3417                         break;
3418                 }
3419             }
3420         }
3421 
3422         if (numpara > cgstate.funcarg.size)
3423         {   // New high water mark
3424             //printf("increasing size from %d to %d\n", (int)cgstate.funcarg.size, (int)numpara);
3425             cgstate.funcarg.size = numpara;
3426         }
3427         usefuncarg = true;
3428     }
3429   Lno:
3430 
3431     /* Adjust start of the stack so after all args are pushed,
3432      * the stack will be aligned.
3433      */
3434     if (!usefuncarg && STACKALIGN >= 16 && (numpara + stackpush) & (STACKALIGN - 1))
3435     {
3436         numalign = STACKALIGN - ((numpara + stackpush) & (STACKALIGN - 1));
3437         cod3_stackadj(cdb, numalign);
3438         cdb.genadjesp(numalign);
3439         stackpush += numalign;
3440         stackpushsave += numalign;
3441     }
3442     assert(stackpush == stackpushsave);
3443     if (config.exe == EX_WIN64)
3444     {
3445         //printf("np = %d, numpara = %d, stackpush = %d\n", np, numpara, stackpush);
3446         assert(numpara == ((np < 4) ? 4 * REGSIZE : np * REGSIZE));
3447 
3448         // Allocate stack space for four entries anyway
3449         // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-US/library/ew5tede7(v=vs.80)
3450     }
3451 
3452     int[XMM7 + 1] regsaved = void;
3453     memset(regsaved.ptr, -1, regsaved.sizeof);
3454     CodeBuilder cdbrestore;
3455     cdbrestore.ctor();
3456     regm_t saved = 0;
3457     targ_size_t funcargtossave = cgstate.funcargtos;
3458     targ_size_t funcargtos = numpara;
3459     //printf("funcargtos1 = %d\n", cast(int)funcargtos);
3460 
3461     /* Parameters go into the registers RDI,RSI,RDX,RCX,R8,R9
3462      * float and double parameters go into XMM0..XMM7
3463      * For variadic functions, count of XMM registers used goes in AL
3464      */
3465     for (int i = 0; i < np; i++)
3466     {
3467         elem* ep = parameters[i].e;
3468         int preg = parameters[i].reg;
3469         //printf("parameter[%d] = %d, np = %d\n", i, preg, np);
3470         if (preg == NOREG)
3471         {
3472             /* Push parameter on stack, but keep track of registers used
3473              * in the process. If they interfere with keepmsk, we'll have
3474              * to save/restore them.
3475              */
3476             CodeBuilder cdbsave;
3477             cdbsave.ctor();
3478             regm_t overlap = msavereg & keepmsk;
3479             msavereg |= keepmsk;
3480             CodeBuilder cdbparams;
3481             cdbparams.ctor();
3482             if (usefuncarg)
3483                 movParams(cdbparams, ep, stackalign, cast(uint)funcargtos, tyf);
3484             else
3485                 pushParams(cdbparams,ep,stackalign, tyf);
3486             regm_t tosave = keepmsk & ~msavereg;
3487             msavereg &= ~keepmsk | overlap;
3488 
3489             // tosave is the mask to save and restore
3490             for (reg_t j = 0; tosave; j++)
3491             {
3492                 regm_t mi = mask(j);
3493                 assert(j <= XMM7);
3494                 if (mi & tosave)
3495                 {
3496                     uint idx;
3497                     regsave.save(cdbsave, j, &idx);
3498                     regsave.restore(cdbrestore, j, idx);
3499                     saved |= mi;
3500                     keepmsk &= ~mi;             // don't need to keep these for rest of params
3501                     tosave &= ~mi;
3502                 }
3503             }
3504 
3505             cdb.append(cdbsave);
3506             cdb.append(cdbparams);
3507 
3508             // Alignment for parameter comes after it got pushed
3509             const uint numalignx = parameters[i].numalign;
3510             if (usefuncarg)
3511             {
3512                 funcargtos -= _align(stackalign, paramsize(ep, tyf)) + numalignx;
3513                 cgstate.funcargtos = funcargtos;
3514             }
3515             else if (numalignx)
3516             {
3517                 cod3_stackadj(cdb, numalignx);
3518                 cdb.genadjesp(numalignx);
3519                 stackpush += numalignx;
3520             }
3521         }
3522         else
3523         {
3524             // Goes in register preg, not stack
3525             regm_t retregs = mask(preg);
3526             if (retregs & XMMREGS)
3527                 ++xmmcnt;
3528             int preg2 = parameters[i].reg2;
3529             reg_t mreg,lreg;
3530             if (preg2 != NOREG || tybasic(ep.Ety) == TYcfloat)
3531             {
3532                 assert(ep.Eoper != OPstrthis);
3533                 if (mask(preg2) & XMMREGS)
3534                     ++xmmcnt;
3535                 if (tybasic(ep.Ety) == TYcfloat)
3536                 {
3537                     lreg = ST01;
3538                     mreg = NOREG;
3539                 }
3540                 else if (tyrelax(ep.Ety) == TYcent)
3541                 {
3542                     lreg = mask(preg ) & mLSW ? cast(reg_t)preg  : AX;
3543                     mreg = mask(preg2) & mMSW ? cast(reg_t)preg2 : DX;
3544                 }
3545                 else
3546                 {
3547                     lreg = XMM0;
3548                     mreg = XMM1;
3549                 }
3550                 retregs = (mask(mreg) | mask(lreg)) & ~mask(NOREG);
3551                 CodeBuilder cdbsave;
3552                 cdbsave.ctor();
3553                 if (keepmsk & retregs)
3554                 {
3555                     regm_t tosave = keepmsk & retregs;
3556 
3557                     // tosave is the mask to save and restore
3558                     for (reg_t j = 0; tosave; j++)
3559                     {
3560                         regm_t mi = mask(j);
3561                         assert(j <= XMM7);
3562                         if (mi & tosave)
3563                         {
3564                             uint idx;
3565                             regsave.save(cdbsave, j, &idx);
3566                             regsave.restore(cdbrestore, j, idx);
3567                             saved |= mi;
3568                             keepmsk &= ~mi;             // don't need to keep these for rest of params
3569                             tosave &= ~mi;
3570                         }
3571                     }
3572                 }
3573                 cdb.append(cdbsave);
3574 
3575                 scodelem(cdb, ep, &retregs, keepmsk, false);
3576 
3577                 // Move result [mreg,lreg] into parameter registers from [preg2,preg]
3578                 retregs = 0;
3579                 if (preg != lreg)
3580                     retregs |= mask(preg);
3581                 if (preg2 != mreg)
3582                     retregs |= mask(preg2);
3583                 retregs &= ~mask(NOREG);
3584                 getregs(cdb,retregs);
3585 
3586                 tym_t ty1 = tybasic(ep.Ety);
3587                 tym_t ty2 = ty1;
3588                 if (ep.Ety & mTYgprxmm)
3589                 {
3590                     ty1 = TYllong;
3591                     ty2 = TYdouble;
3592                 }
3593                 else if (ep.Ety & mTYxmmgpr)
3594                 {
3595                     ty1 = TYdouble;
3596                     ty2 = TYllong;
3597                 }
3598                 else if (ty1 == TYstruct)
3599                 {
3600                     type* targ1 = ep.ET.Ttag.Sstruct.Sarg1type;
3601                     type* targ2 = ep.ET.Ttag.Sstruct.Sarg2type;
3602                     if (targ1)
3603                         ty1 = targ1.Tty;
3604                     if (targ2)
3605                         ty2 = targ2.Tty;
3606                 }
3607                 else if (tyrelax(ty1) == TYcent)
3608                     ty1 = ty2 = TYllong;
3609                 else if (tybasic(ty1) == TYcdouble)
3610                     ty1 = ty2 = TYdouble;
3611 
3612                 if (tybasic(ep.Ety) == TYcfloat)
3613                 {
3614                     assert(I64);
3615                     assert(lreg == ST01 && mreg == NOREG);
3616                     // spill
3617                     pop87();
3618                     pop87();
3619                     cdb.genfltreg(0xD9, 3, tysize(TYfloat));
3620                     genfwait(cdb);
3621                     cdb.genfltreg(0xD9, 3, 0);
3622                     genfwait(cdb);
3623                     // reload
3624                     if (config.exe == EX_WIN64)
3625                     {
3626                         cdb.genfltreg(LOD, preg, 0);
3627                         code_orrex(cdb.last(), REX_W);
3628                     }
3629                     else
3630                     {
3631                         assert(mask(preg) & XMMREGS);
3632                         cdb.genxmmreg(xmmload(TYdouble), cast(reg_t) preg, 0, TYdouble);
3633                     }
3634                 }
3635                 else foreach (v; 0 .. 2)
3636                 {
3637                     if (v ^ (preg != mreg))
3638                         genmovreg(cdb, preg, lreg, ty1);
3639                     else
3640                         genmovreg(cdb, preg2, mreg, ty2);
3641                 }
3642 
3643                 retregs = (mask(preg) | mask(preg2)) & ~mask(NOREG);
3644             }
3645             else if (ep.Eoper == OPstrthis)
3646             {
3647                 getregs(cdb,retregs);
3648                 // LEA preg,np[RSP]
3649                 uint delta = stackpush - ep.EV.Vuns;   // stack delta to parameter
3650                 cdb.genc1(LEA,
3651                         (modregrm(0,4,SP) << 8) | modregxrm(2,preg,4), FLconst,delta);
3652                 if (I64)
3653                     code_orrex(cdb.last(), REX_W);
3654             }
3655             else if (ep.Eoper == OPstrpar && config.exe == EX_WIN64 && type_size(ep.ET) == 0)
3656             {
3657                 retregs = 0;
3658                 scodelem(cdb, ep.EV.E1, &retregs, keepmsk, false);
3659                 freenode(ep);
3660             }
3661             else
3662             {
3663                 scodelem(cdb, ep, &retregs, keepmsk, false);
3664             }
3665             keepmsk |= retregs;      // don't change preg when evaluating func address
3666         }
3667     }
3668 
3669     if (config.exe == EX_WIN64)
3670     {   // Allocate stack space for four entries anyway
3671         // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-US/library/ew5tede7(v=vs.80)
3672         {   uint sz = 4 * REGSIZE;
3673             if (usefuncarg)
3674             {
3675                 funcargtos -= sz;
3676                 cgstate.funcargtos = funcargtos;
3677             }
3678             else
3679             {
3680                 cod3_stackadj(cdb, sz);
3681                 cdb.genadjesp(sz);
3682                 stackpush += sz;
3683             }
3684         }
3685 
3686         /* Variadic functions store XMM parameters into their corresponding GP registers
3687          */
3688         for (int i = 0; i < np; i++)
3689         {
3690             int preg = parameters[i].reg;
3691             regm_t retregs = mask(preg);
3692             if (retregs & XMMREGS)
3693             {
3694                 reg_t reg;
3695                 switch (preg)
3696                 {
3697                     case XMM0: reg = CX; break;
3698                     case XMM1: reg = DX; break;
3699                     case XMM2: reg = R8; break;
3700                     case XMM3: reg = R9; break;
3701 
3702                     default:   assert(0);
3703                 }
3704                 getregs(cdb,mask(reg));
3705                 cdb.gen2(STOD,(REX_W << 16) | modregxrmx(3,preg-XMM0,reg)); // MOVD reg,preg
3706             }
3707         }
3708     }
3709 
3710     // Restore any register parameters we saved
3711     getregs(cdb,saved);
3712     cdb.append(cdbrestore);
3713     keepmsk |= saved;
3714 
3715     // Variadic functions store the number of XMM registers used in AL
3716     if (I64 && config.exe != EX_WIN64 && e.Eflags & EFLAGS_variadic)
3717     {
3718         getregs(cdb,mAX);
3719         movregconst(cdb,AX,xmmcnt,1);
3720         keepmsk |= mAX;
3721     }
3722 
3723     //printf("funcargtos2 = %d\n", (int)funcargtos);
3724     assert(!usefuncarg || (funcargtos == 0 && cgstate.funcargtos == 0));
3725     cgstate.stackclean--;
3726 
3727     debug
3728     if (!usefuncarg && numpara != stackpush - stackpushsave)
3729     {
3730         printf("function %s\n", funcsym_p.Sident.ptr);
3731         printf("numpara = %d, stackpush = %d, stackpushsave = %d\n", numpara, stackpush, stackpushsave);
3732         elem_print(e);
3733     }
3734 
3735     assert(usefuncarg || numpara == stackpush - stackpushsave);
3736 
3737     funccall(cdb,e,numpara,numalign,pretregs,keepmsk,usefuncarg);
3738     cgstate.funcargtos = funcargtossave;
3739 }
3740 
3741 /***********************************
3742  */
3743 
3744 void cdstrthis(ref CodeBuilder cdb, elem* e, regm_t* pretregs)
3745 {
3746     assert(tysize(e.Ety) == REGSIZE);
3747     const reg = findreg(*pretregs & allregs);
3748     getregs(cdb,mask(reg));
3749     // LEA reg,np[ESP]
3750     uint np = stackpush - e.EV.Vuns;        // stack delta to parameter
3751     cdb.genc1(LEA,(modregrm(0,4,SP) << 8) | modregxrm(2,reg,4),FLconst,np);
3752     if (I64)
3753         code_orrex(cdb.last(), REX_W);
3754     fixresult(cdb, e, mask(reg), pretregs);
3755 }
3756 
3757 /******************************
3758  * Call function. All parameters have already been pushed onto the stack.
3759  * Params:
3760  *      e          = function call
3761  *      numpara    = size in bytes of all the parameters
3762  *      numalign   = amount the stack was aligned by before the parameters were pushed
3763  *      pretregs   = where return value goes
3764  *      keepmsk    = registers to not change when evaluating the function address
3765  *      usefuncarg = using cgstate.funcarg, so no need to adjust stack after func return
3766  */
3767 
3768 private void funccall(ref CodeBuilder cdb, elem* e, uint numpara, uint numalign,
3769                       regm_t* pretregs,regm_t keepmsk, bool usefuncarg)
3770 {
3771     //printf("%s ", funcsym_p.Sident.ptr);
3772     //printf("funccall(e = %p, *pretregs = %s, numpara = %d, numalign = %d, usefuncarg=%d)\n",e,regm_str(*pretregs),numpara,numalign,usefuncarg);
3773     calledafunc = 1;
3774     // Determine if we need frame for function prolog/epilog
3775 
3776     if (config.memmodel == Vmodel)
3777     {
3778         if (tyfarfunc(funcsym_p.ty()))
3779             needframe = true;
3780     }
3781 
3782     code cs;
3783     regm_t retregs;
3784     Symbol* s;
3785 
3786     elem* e1 = e.EV.E1;
3787     tym_t tym1 = tybasic(e1.Ety);
3788     char farfunc = tyfarfunc(tym1) || tym1 == TYifunc;
3789 
3790     CodeBuilder cdbe;
3791     cdbe.ctor();
3792 
3793     if (e1.Eoper == OPvar)
3794     {   // Call function directly
3795 
3796         if (!tyfunc(tym1))
3797             WRTYxx(tym1);
3798         assert(tyfunc(tym1));
3799         s = e1.EV.Vsym;
3800         if (s.Sflags & SFLexit)
3801         { }
3802         else if (s != tls_get_addr_sym)
3803             save87(cdb);               // assume 8087 regs are all trashed
3804 
3805         // Function calls may throw Errors, unless marked that they don't
3806         if (s == funcsym_p || !s.Sfunc || !(s.Sfunc.Fflags3 & Fnothrow))
3807             funcsym_p.Sfunc.Fflags3 &= ~Fnothrow;
3808 
3809         if (s.Sflags & SFLexit)
3810         {
3811             // Function doesn't return, so don't worry about registers
3812             // it may use
3813         }
3814         else if (!tyfunc(s.ty()) || !(config.flags4 & CFG4optimized))
3815             // so we can replace func at runtime
3816             getregs(cdbe,~fregsaved & (mBP | ALLREGS | mES | XMMREGS));
3817         else
3818             getregs(cdbe,~s.Sregsaved & (mBP | ALLREGS | mES | XMMREGS));
3819         if (strcmp(s.Sident.ptr, "alloca") == 0)
3820         {
3821             s = getRtlsym(RTLSYM_ALLOCA);
3822             makeitextern(s);
3823             int areg = CX;
3824             if (config.exe == EX_WIN64)
3825                 areg = DX;
3826             getregs(cdbe, mask(areg));
3827             cdbe.genc(LEA, modregrm(2, areg, BPRM), FLallocatmp, 0, 0, 0);  // LEA areg,&localsize[BP]
3828             if (I64)
3829                 code_orrex(cdbe.last(), REX_W);
3830             Alloca.size = REGSIZE;
3831         }
3832         if (sytab[s.Sclass] & SCSS)    // if function is on stack (!)
3833         {
3834             retregs = allregs & ~keepmsk;
3835             s.Sflags &= ~GTregcand;
3836             s.Sflags |= SFLread;
3837             cdrelconst(cdbe,e1,&retregs);
3838             if (farfunc)
3839             {
3840                 const reg = findregmsw(retregs);
3841                 const lsreg = findreglsw(retregs);
3842                 floatreg = true;                // use float register
3843                 reflocal = true;
3844                 cdbe.genc1(0x89,                 // MOV floatreg+2,reg
3845                         modregrm(2, reg, BPRM), FLfltreg, REGSIZE);
3846                 cdbe.genc1(0x89,                 // MOV floatreg,lsreg
3847                         modregrm(2, lsreg, BPRM), FLfltreg, 0);
3848                 if (tym1 == TYifunc)
3849                     cdbe.gen1(0x9C);             // PUSHF
3850                 cdbe.genc1(0xFF,                 // CALL [floatreg]
3851                         modregrm(2, 3, BPRM), FLfltreg, 0);
3852             }
3853             else
3854             {
3855                 const reg = findreg(retregs);
3856                 cdbe.gen2(0xFF, modregrmx(3, 2, reg));   // CALL reg
3857                 if (I64)
3858                     code_orrex(cdbe.last(), REX_W);
3859             }
3860         }
3861         else
3862         {
3863             int fl = FLfunc;
3864             if (!tyfunc(s.ty()))
3865                 fl = el_fl(e1);
3866             if (tym1 == TYifunc)
3867                 cdbe.gen1(0x9C);                             // PUSHF
3868             if (config.exe & (EX_windos | EX_OSX | EX_OSX64))
3869             {
3870                 cdbe.gencs(farfunc ? 0x9A : 0xE8,0,fl,s);    // CALL extern
3871             }
3872             else
3873             {
3874                 assert(!farfunc);
3875                 if (s != tls_get_addr_sym)
3876                 {
3877                     //printf("call %s\n", s.Sident.ptr);
3878                     load_localgot(cdb);
3879                     cdbe.gencs(0xE8, 0, fl, s);    // CALL extern
3880                 }
3881                 else if (I64)
3882                 {
3883                     /* Prepend 66 66 48 so GNU linker has patch room
3884                      */
3885                     assert(!farfunc);
3886                     cdbe.gen1(0x66);
3887                     cdbe.gen1(0x66);
3888                     cdbe.gencs(0xE8, 0, fl, s);      // CALL extern
3889                     cdbe.last().Irex = REX | REX_W;
3890                 }
3891                 else
3892                     cdbe.gencs(0xE8, 0, fl, s);    // CALL extern
3893             }
3894             code_orflag(cdbe.last(), farfunc ? (CFseg | CFoff) : (CFselfrel | CFoff));
3895         }
3896     }
3897     else
3898     {   // Call function via pointer
3899 
3900         // Function calls may throw Errors
3901         funcsym_p.Sfunc.Fflags3 &= ~Fnothrow;
3902 
3903         if (e1.Eoper != OPind) { WRFL(cast(FL)el_fl(e1)); WROP(e1.Eoper); }
3904         save87(cdb);                   // assume 8087 regs are all trashed
3905         assert(e1.Eoper == OPind);
3906         elem *e11 = e1.EV.E1;
3907         tym_t e11ty = tybasic(e11.Ety);
3908         assert(!I16 || (e11ty == (farfunc ? TYfptr : TYnptr)));
3909         load_localgot(cdb);
3910         if (config.exe & (EX_LINUX | EX_FREEBSD | EX_OPENBSD | EX_SOLARIS)) // 32 bit only
3911         {
3912             if (config.flags3 & CFG3pic)
3913                 keepmsk |= mBX;
3914         }
3915 
3916         /* Mask of registers destroyed by the function call
3917          */
3918         regm_t desmsk = (mBP | ALLREGS | mES | XMMREGS) & ~fregsaved;
3919 
3920         // if we can't use loadea()
3921         if ((!OTleaf(e11.Eoper) || e11.Eoper == OPconst) &&
3922             (e11.Eoper != OPind || e11.Ecount))
3923         {
3924             retregs = allregs & ~keepmsk;
3925             cgstate.stackclean++;
3926             scodelem(cdbe,e11,&retregs,keepmsk,true);
3927             cgstate.stackclean--;
3928             // Kill registers destroyed by an arbitrary function call
3929             getregs(cdbe,desmsk);
3930             if (e11ty == TYfptr)
3931             {
3932                 const reg = findregmsw(retregs);
3933                 const lsreg = findreglsw(retregs);
3934                 floatreg = true;                // use float register
3935                 reflocal = true;
3936                 cdbe.genc1(0x89,                 // MOV floatreg+2,reg
3937                         modregrm(2, reg, BPRM), FLfltreg, REGSIZE);
3938                 cdbe.genc1(0x89,                 // MOV floatreg,lsreg
3939                         modregrm(2, lsreg, BPRM), FLfltreg, 0);
3940                 if (tym1 == TYifunc)
3941                     cdbe.gen1(0x9C);             // PUSHF
3942                 cdbe.genc1(0xFF,                 // CALL [floatreg]
3943                         modregrm(2, 3, BPRM), FLfltreg, 0);
3944             }
3945             else
3946             {
3947                 const reg = findreg(retregs);
3948                 cdbe.gen2(0xFF, modregrmx(3, 2, reg));   // CALL reg
3949                 if (I64)
3950                     code_orrex(cdbe.last(), REX_W);
3951             }
3952         }
3953         else
3954         {
3955             if (tym1 == TYifunc)
3956                 cdb.gen1(0x9C);                 // PUSHF
3957                                                 // CALL [function]
3958             cs.Iflags = 0;
3959             cgstate.stackclean++;
3960             loadea(cdbe, e11, &cs, 0xFF, farfunc ? 3 : 2, 0, keepmsk, desmsk);
3961             cgstate.stackclean--;
3962             freenode(e11);
3963         }
3964         s = null;
3965     }
3966     cdb.append(cdbe);
3967     freenode(e1);
3968 
3969     /* See if we will need the frame pointer.
3970        Calculate it here so we can possibly use BP to fix the stack.
3971      */
3972 static if (0)
3973 {
3974     if (!needframe)
3975     {
3976         // If there is a register available for this basic block
3977         if (config.flags4 & CFG4optimized && (ALLREGS & ~regcon.used))
3978         { }
3979         else
3980         {
3981             for (SYMIDX si = 0; si < globsym.length; si++)
3982             {
3983                 Symbol* s = globsym[si];
3984 
3985                 if (s.Sflags & GTregcand && type_size(s.Stype) != 0)
3986                 {
3987                     if (config.flags4 & CFG4optimized)
3988                     {   // If symbol is live in this basic block and
3989                         // isn't already in a register
3990                         if (s.Srange && vec_testbit(dfoidx, s.Srange) &&
3991                             s.Sfl != FLreg)
3992                         {   // Then symbol must be allocated on stack
3993                             needframe = true;
3994                             break;
3995                         }
3996                     }
3997                     else
3998                     {   if (mfuncreg == 0)      // if no registers left
3999                         {   needframe = true;
4000                             break;
4001                         }
4002                     }
4003                 }
4004             }
4005         }
4006     }
4007 }
4008 
4009     reg_t reg1, reg2;
4010     retregs = allocretregs(e.Ety, e.ET, tym1, reg1, reg2);
4011 
4012     assert(retregs || !*pretregs);
4013 
4014     if (!usefuncarg)
4015     {
4016         // If stack needs cleanup
4017         if  (s && s.Sflags & SFLexit)
4018         {
4019             if (config.fulltypes && TARGET_WINDOS)
4020             {
4021                 // the stack walker evaluates the return address, not a byte of the
4022                 // call instruction, so ensure there is an instruction byte after
4023                 // the call that still has the same line number information
4024                 cdb.gen1(config.target_cpu >= TARGET_80286 ? UD2 : INT3);
4025             }
4026             /* Function never returns, so don't need to generate stack
4027              * cleanup code. But still need to log the stack cleanup
4028              * as if it did return.
4029              */
4030             cdb.genadjesp(-(numpara + numalign));
4031             stackpush -= numpara + numalign;
4032         }
4033         else if ((OTbinary(e.Eoper) || config.exe == EX_WIN64) &&
4034             (!typfunc(tym1) || config.exe == EX_WIN64))
4035         {
4036             if (tym1 == TYhfunc)
4037             {   // Hidden parameter is popped off by the callee
4038                 cdb.genadjesp(-REGSIZE);
4039                 stackpush -= REGSIZE;
4040                 if (numpara + numalign > REGSIZE)
4041                     genstackclean(cdb, numpara + numalign - REGSIZE, retregs);
4042             }
4043             else
4044                 genstackclean(cdb, numpara + numalign, retregs);
4045         }
4046         else
4047         {
4048             cdb.genadjesp(-numpara);  // popped off by the callee's 'RET numpara'
4049             stackpush -= numpara;
4050             if (numalign)               // callee doesn't know about alignment adjustment
4051                 genstackclean(cdb,numalign,retregs);
4052         }
4053     }
4054 
4055     /* Special handling for functions which return a floating point
4056        value in the top of the 8087 stack.
4057      */
4058 
4059     if (retregs & mST0)
4060     {
4061         cdb.genadjfpu(1);
4062         if (*pretregs)                  // if we want the result
4063         {
4064             //assert(global87.stackused == 0);
4065             push87(cdb);                // one item on 8087 stack
4066             fixresult87(cdb,e,retregs,pretregs);
4067             return;
4068         }
4069         else
4070             // Pop unused result off 8087 stack
4071             cdb.gen2(0xDD, modregrm(3, 3, 0));           // FPOP
4072     }
4073     else if (retregs & mST01)
4074     {
4075         cdb.genadjfpu(2);
4076         if (*pretregs)                  // if we want the result
4077         {
4078             assert(global87.stackused == 0);
4079             push87(cdb);
4080             push87(cdb);                // two items on 8087 stack
4081             fixresult_complex87(cdb, e, retregs, pretregs, true);
4082             return;
4083         }
4084         else
4085         {
4086             // Pop unused result off 8087 stack
4087             cdb.gen2(0xDD, modregrm(3, 3, 0));           // FPOP
4088             cdb.gen2(0xDD, modregrm(3, 3, 0));           // FPOP
4089         }
4090     }
4091 
4092     /* Special handling for functions that return one part
4093        in XMM0 and the other part in AX
4094      */
4095     if (*pretregs && retregs)
4096     {
4097         if (reg1 == NOREG || reg2 == NOREG)
4098         {}
4099         else if ((0 == (mask(reg1) & XMMREGS)) ^ (0 == (mask(reg2) & XMMREGS)))
4100         {
4101             reg_t lreg, mreg;
4102             if (mask(reg1) & XMMREGS)
4103             {
4104                 lreg = XMM0;
4105                 mreg = XMM1;
4106             }
4107             else
4108             {
4109                 lreg = mask(reg1) & mLSW ? reg1 : AX;
4110                 mreg = mask(reg2) & mMSW ? reg2 : DX;
4111             }
4112             for (int v = 0; v < 2; v++)
4113             {
4114                 if (v ^ (reg2 != lreg))
4115                     genmovreg(cdb,lreg,reg1);
4116                 else
4117                     genmovreg(cdb,mreg,reg2);
4118             }
4119             retregs = mask(lreg) | mask(mreg);
4120         }
4121     }
4122 
4123     /* Special handling for functions which return complex float in XMM0 or RAX. */
4124 
4125     if (I64
4126         && config.exe != EX_WIN64 // broken
4127         && *pretregs && tybasic(e.Ety) == TYcfloat)
4128     {
4129         assert(reg2 == NOREG);
4130         // spill
4131         if (config.exe == EX_WIN64)
4132         {
4133             assert(reg1 == AX);
4134             cdb.genfltreg(STO, reg1, 0);
4135             code_orrex(cdb.last(), REX_W);
4136         }
4137         else
4138         {
4139             assert(reg1 == XMM0);
4140             cdb.genxmmreg(xmmstore(TYdouble), reg1, 0, TYdouble);
4141         }
4142         // reload real
4143         push87(cdb);
4144         cdb.genfltreg(0xD9, 0, 0);
4145         genfwait(cdb);
4146         // reload imaginary
4147         push87(cdb);
4148         cdb.genfltreg(0xD9, 0, tysize(TYfloat));
4149         genfwait(cdb);
4150 
4151         retregs = mST01;
4152     }
4153 
4154     fixresult(cdb, e, retregs, pretregs);
4155 }
4156 
4157 /***************************
4158  * Determine size of argument e that will be pushed.
4159  */
4160 
4161 targ_size_t paramsize(elem* e, tym_t tyf)
4162 {
4163     assert(e.Eoper != OPparam);
4164     targ_size_t szb;
4165     tym_t tym = tybasic(e.Ety);
4166     if (tyscalar(tym))
4167         szb = size(tym);
4168     else if (tym == TYstruct || tym == TYarray)
4169         szb = type_parameterSize(e.ET, tyf);
4170     else
4171     {
4172         WRTYxx(tym);
4173         assert(0);
4174     }
4175     return szb;
4176 }
4177 
4178 /***************************
4179  * Generate code to move argument e on the stack.
4180  */
4181 
4182 private void movParams(ref CodeBuilder cdb, elem* e, uint stackalign, uint funcargtos, tym_t tyf)
4183 {
4184     //printf("movParams(e = %p, stackalign = %d, funcargtos = %d)\n", e, stackalign, funcargtos);
4185     //printf("movParams()\n"); elem_print(e);
4186     assert(!I16);
4187     assert(e && e.Eoper != OPparam);
4188 
4189     tym_t tym = tybasic(e.Ety);
4190     if (tyfloating(tym))
4191         objmod.fltused();
4192 
4193     int grex = I64 ? REX_W << 16 : 0;
4194 
4195     targ_size_t szb = paramsize(e, tyf);          // size before alignment
4196     targ_size_t sz = _align(stackalign, szb);       // size after alignment
4197     assert((sz & (stackalign - 1)) == 0);         // ensure that alignment worked
4198     assert((sz & (REGSIZE - 1)) == 0);
4199     //printf("szb = %d sz = %d\n", (int)szb, (int)sz);
4200 
4201     code cs;
4202     cs.Iflags = 0;
4203     cs.Irex = 0;
4204     switch (e.Eoper)
4205     {
4206         case OPstrctor:
4207         case OPstrthis:
4208         case OPstrpar:
4209         case OPnp_fp:
4210             assert(0);
4211 
4212         case OPrelconst:
4213         {
4214             int fl;
4215             if (!evalinregister(e) &&
4216                 !(I64 && (config.flags3 & CFG3pic || config.exe == EX_WIN64)) &&
4217                 ((fl = el_fl(e)) == FLdata || fl == FLudata || fl == FLextern)
4218                )
4219             {
4220                 // MOV -stackoffset[EBP],&variable
4221                 cs.Iop = 0xC7;
4222                 cs.Irm = modregrm(2,0,BPRM);
4223                 if (I64 && sz == 8)
4224                     cs.Irex |= REX_W;
4225                 cs.IFL1 = FLfuncarg;
4226                 cs.IEV1.Voffset = funcargtos - REGSIZE;
4227                 cs.IEV2.Voffset = e.EV.Voffset;
4228                 cs.IFL2 = cast(ubyte)fl;
4229                 cs.IEV2.Vsym = e.EV.Vsym;
4230                 cs.Iflags |= CFoff;
4231                 cdb.gen(&cs);
4232                 return;
4233             }
4234             break;
4235         }
4236 
4237         case OPconst:
4238             if (!evalinregister(e))
4239             {
4240                 cs.Iop = (sz == 1) ? 0xC6 : 0xC7;
4241                 cs.Irm = modregrm(2,0,BPRM);
4242                 cs.IFL1 = FLfuncarg;
4243                 cs.IEV1.Voffset = funcargtos - sz;
4244                 cs.IFL2 = FLconst;
4245                 targ_size_t *p = cast(targ_size_t *) &(e.EV);
4246                 cs.IEV2.Vsize_t = *p;
4247                 if (I64 && tym == TYcldouble)
4248                     // The alignment of EV.Vcldouble is not the same on the compiler
4249                     // as on the target
4250                     goto Lbreak;
4251                 if (I64 && sz >= 8)
4252                 {
4253                     int i = cast(int)sz;
4254                     do
4255                     {
4256                         if (*p >= 0x80000000)
4257                         {   // Use 64 bit register MOV, as the 32 bit one gets sign extended
4258                             // MOV reg,imm64
4259                             // MOV EA,reg
4260                             goto Lbreak;
4261                         }
4262                         p = cast(targ_size_t *)(cast(char *) p + REGSIZE);
4263                         i -= REGSIZE;
4264                     } while (i > 0);
4265                     p = cast(targ_size_t *) &(e.EV);
4266                 }
4267 
4268                 int i = cast(int)sz;
4269                 do
4270                 {   int regsize = REGSIZE;
4271                     regm_t retregs = (sz == 1) ? BYTEREGS : allregs;
4272                     reg_t reg;
4273                     if (reghasvalue(retregs,*p,&reg))
4274                     {
4275                         cs.Iop = (cs.Iop & 1) | 0x88;
4276                         cs.Irm |= modregrm(0, reg & 7, 0); // MOV EA,reg
4277                         if (reg & 8)
4278                             cs.Irex |= REX_R;
4279                         if (I64 && sz == 1 && reg >= 4)
4280                             cs.Irex |= REX;
4281                     }
4282                     if (I64 && sz >= 8)
4283                         cs.Irex |= REX_W;
4284                     cdb.gen(&cs);           // MOV EA,const
4285 
4286                     p = cast(targ_size_t *)(cast(char *) p + regsize);
4287                     cs.Iop = 0xC7;
4288                     cs.Irm &= cast(ubyte)~cast(int)modregrm(0, 7, 0);
4289                     cs.Irex &= ~REX_R;
4290                     cs.IEV1.Voffset += regsize;
4291                     cs.IEV2.Vint = cast(targ_int)*p;
4292                     i -= regsize;
4293                 } while (i > 0);
4294                 return;
4295             }
4296 
4297         Lbreak:
4298             break;
4299 
4300         default:
4301             break;
4302     }
4303     regm_t retregs = tybyte(tym) ? BYTEREGS : allregs;
4304     if (tyvector(tym) ||
4305         config.fpxmmregs && tyxmmreg(tym) &&
4306         // If not already in x87 register from function call return
4307         !((e.Eoper == OPcall || e.Eoper == OPucall) && I32))
4308     {
4309         retregs = XMMREGS;
4310         codelem(cdb, e, &retregs, false);
4311         const op = xmmstore(tym);
4312         const r = findreg(retregs);
4313         cdb.genc1(op, modregxrm(2, r - XMM0, BPRM), FLfuncarg, funcargtos - sz);   // MOV funcarg[EBP],r
4314         checkSetVex(cdb.last(),tym);
4315         return;
4316     }
4317     else if (tyfloating(tym))
4318     {
4319         if (config.inline8087)
4320         {
4321             retregs = tycomplex(tym) ? mST01 : mST0;
4322             codelem(cdb, e, &retregs, false);
4323 
4324             opcode_t op;
4325             uint r;
4326             switch (tym)
4327             {
4328                 case TYfloat:
4329                 case TYifloat:
4330                 case TYcfloat:
4331                     op = 0xD9;
4332                     r = 3;
4333                     break;
4334 
4335                 case TYdouble:
4336                 case TYidouble:
4337                 case TYdouble_alias:
4338                 case TYcdouble:
4339                     op = 0xDD;
4340                     r = 3;
4341                     break;
4342 
4343                 case TYldouble:
4344                 case TYildouble:
4345                 case TYcldouble:
4346                     op = 0xDB;
4347                     r = 7;
4348                     break;
4349 
4350                 default:
4351                     assert(0);
4352             }
4353             if (tycomplex(tym))
4354             {
4355                 // FSTP sz/2[ESP]
4356                 cdb.genc1(op, modregxrm(2, r, BPRM), FLfuncarg, funcargtos - sz/2);
4357                 pop87();
4358             }
4359             pop87();
4360             cdb.genc1(op, modregxrm(2, r, BPRM), FLfuncarg, funcargtos - sz);    // FSTP -sz[EBP]
4361             return;
4362         }
4363     }
4364     scodelem(cdb, e, &retregs, 0, true);
4365     if (sz <= REGSIZE)
4366     {
4367         uint r = findreg(retregs);
4368         cdb.genc1(0x89, modregxrm(2, r, BPRM), FLfuncarg, funcargtos - REGSIZE);   // MOV -REGSIZE[EBP],r
4369         if (sz == 8)
4370             code_orrex(cdb.last(), REX_W);
4371     }
4372     else if (sz == REGSIZE * 2)
4373     {
4374         uint r = findregmsw(retregs);
4375         cdb.genc1(0x89, grex | modregxrm(2, r, BPRM), FLfuncarg, funcargtos - REGSIZE);    // MOV -REGSIZE[EBP],r
4376         r = findreglsw(retregs);
4377         cdb.genc1(0x89, grex | modregxrm(2, r, BPRM), FLfuncarg, funcargtos - REGSIZE * 2); // MOV -2*REGSIZE[EBP],r
4378     }
4379     else
4380         assert(0);
4381 }
4382 
4383 
4384 /***************************
4385  * Generate code to push argument e on the stack.
4386  * stackpush is incremented by stackalign for each PUSH.
4387  */
4388 
4389 void pushParams(ref CodeBuilder cdb, elem* e, uint stackalign, tym_t tyf)
4390 {
4391     //printf("params(e = %p, stackalign = %d)\n", e, stackalign);
4392     //printf("params()\n"); elem_print(e);
4393     stackchanged = 1;
4394     assert(e && e.Eoper != OPparam);
4395 
4396     tym_t tym = tybasic(e.Ety);
4397     if (tyfloating(tym))
4398         objmod.fltused();
4399 
4400     int grex = I64 ? REX_W << 16 : 0;
4401 
4402     targ_size_t szb = paramsize(e, tyf);          // size before alignment
4403     targ_size_t sz = _align(stackalign,szb);      // size after alignment
4404     assert((sz & (stackalign - 1)) == 0);         // ensure that alignment worked
4405     assert((sz & (REGSIZE - 1)) == 0);
4406 
4407     switch (e.Eoper)
4408     {
4409     version (SCPP)
4410     {
4411         case OPstrctor:
4412         {
4413             elem* e1 = e.EV.E1;
4414             docommas(cdb,&e1);              // skip over any comma expressions
4415 
4416             cod3_stackadj(cdb, sz);
4417             stackpush += sz;
4418             cdb.genadjesp(sz);
4419 
4420             // Find OPstrthis and set it to stackpush
4421             exp2_setstrthis(e1, null, stackpush, null);
4422 
4423             regm_t retregs = 0;
4424             codelem(cdb, e1, &retregs, true);
4425             freenode(e);
4426             return;
4427         }
4428         case OPstrthis:
4429             // This is the parameter for the 'this' pointer corresponding to
4430             // OPstrctor. We push a pointer to an object that was already
4431             // allocated on the stack by OPstrctor.
4432         {
4433             regm_t retregs = allregs;
4434             reg_t reg;
4435             allocreg(cdb, &retregs, &reg, TYoffset);
4436             genregs(cdb, 0x89, SP, reg);        // MOV reg,SP
4437             if (I64)
4438                 code_orrex(cdb.last(), REX_W);
4439             uint np = stackpush - e.EV.Vuns;         // stack delta to parameter
4440             cdb.genc2(0x81, grex | modregrmx(3, 0, reg), np); // ADD reg,np
4441             if (sz > REGSIZE)
4442             {
4443                 cdb.gen1(0x16);                     // PUSH SS
4444                 stackpush += REGSIZE;
4445             }
4446             cdb.gen1(0x50 + (reg & 7));             // PUSH reg
4447             if (reg & 8)
4448                 code_orrex(cdb.last(), REX_B);
4449             stackpush += REGSIZE;
4450             cdb.genadjesp(sz);
4451             freenode(e);
4452             return;
4453         }
4454     }
4455 
4456         case OPstrpar:
4457         {
4458             uint rm;
4459 
4460             elem* e1 = e.EV.E1;
4461             if (sz == 0)
4462             {
4463                 docommas(cdb, &e1); // skip over any commas
4464 
4465                 const stackpushsave = stackpush;
4466                 const stackcleansave = cgstate.stackclean;
4467                 cgstate.stackclean = 0;
4468 
4469                 regm_t retregs = 0;
4470                 codelem(cdb,e1,&retregs,true);
4471 
4472                 assert(cgstate.stackclean == 0);
4473                 cgstate.stackclean = stackcleansave;
4474                 genstackclean(cdb,stackpush - stackpushsave,0);
4475 
4476                 freenode(e);
4477                 return;
4478             }
4479             if ((sz & 3) == 0 && (sz / REGSIZE) <= 4 && e1.Eoper == OPvar)
4480             {
4481                 freenode(e);
4482                 e = e1;
4483                 goto L1;
4484             }
4485             docommas(cdb,&e1);             // skip over any commas
4486             code_flags_t seg = 0;          // assume no seg override
4487             regm_t retregs = sz ? IDXREGS : 0;
4488             bool doneoff = false;
4489             uint pushsize = REGSIZE;
4490             uint op16 = 0;
4491             if (!I16 && sz & 2)     // if odd number of words to push
4492             {
4493                 pushsize = 2;
4494                 op16 = 1;
4495             }
4496             else if (I16 && config.target_cpu >= TARGET_80386 && (sz & 3) == 0)
4497             {
4498                 pushsize = 4;       // push DWORDs at a time
4499                 op16 = 1;
4500             }
4501             uint npushes = cast(uint)(sz / pushsize);
4502             switch (e1.Eoper)
4503             {
4504                 case OPind:
4505                     if (sz)
4506                     {
4507                         switch (tybasic(e1.EV.E1.Ety))
4508                         {
4509                             case TYfptr:
4510                             case TYhptr:
4511                                 seg = CFes;
4512                                 retregs |= mES;
4513                                 break;
4514 
4515                             case TYsptr:
4516                                 if (config.wflags & WFssneds)
4517                                     seg = CFss;
4518                                 break;
4519 
4520                             case TYfgPtr:
4521                                 if (I32)
4522                                      seg = CFgs;
4523                                 else if (I64)
4524                                      seg = CFfs;
4525                                 else
4526                                      assert(0);
4527                                 break;
4528 
4529                             case TYcptr:
4530                                 seg = CFcs;
4531                                 break;
4532 
4533                             default:
4534                                 break;
4535                         }
4536                     }
4537                     codelem(cdb, e1.EV.E1, &retregs, false);
4538                     freenode(e1);
4539                     break;
4540 
4541                 case OPvar:
4542                     /* Symbol is no longer a candidate for a register */
4543                     e1.EV.Vsym.Sflags &= ~GTregcand;
4544 
4545                     if (!e1.Ecount && npushes > 4)
4546                     {
4547                         /* Kludge to point at last word in struct. */
4548                         /* Don't screw up CSEs.                 */
4549                         e1.EV.Voffset += sz - pushsize;
4550                         doneoff = true;
4551                     }
4552                     //if (LARGEDATA) /* if default isn't DS */
4553                     {
4554                         static immutable uint[4] segtocf = [ CFes,CFcs,CFss,0 ];
4555 
4556                         int fl = el_fl(e1);
4557                         if (fl == FLfardata)
4558                         {
4559                             seg = CFes;
4560                             retregs |= mES;
4561                         }
4562                         else
4563                         {
4564                             uint s = segfl[fl];
4565                             assert(s < 4);
4566                             seg = segtocf[s];
4567                             if (seg == CFss && !(config.wflags & WFssneds))
4568                                 seg = 0;
4569                         }
4570                     }
4571                     if (e1.Ety & mTYfar)
4572                     {
4573                         seg = CFes;
4574                         retregs |= mES;
4575                     }
4576                     cdrelconst(cdb, e1, &retregs);
4577                     // Reverse the effect of the previous add
4578                     if (doneoff)
4579                         e1.EV.Voffset -= sz - pushsize;
4580                     freenode(e1);
4581                     break;
4582 
4583                 case OPstreq:
4584                 //case OPcond:
4585                     if (config.exe & EX_segmented)
4586                     {
4587                         seg = CFes;
4588                         retregs |= mES;
4589                     }
4590                     codelem(cdb, e1, &retregs, false);
4591                     break;
4592 
4593                 case OPpair:
4594                 case OPrpair:
4595                     pushParams(cdb, e1, stackalign, tyf);
4596                     freenode(e);
4597                     return;
4598 
4599                 default:
4600                     elem_print(e1);
4601                     assert(0);
4602             }
4603             reg_t reg = findreglsw(retregs);
4604             rm = I16 ? regtorm[reg] : regtorm32[reg];
4605             if (op16)
4606                 seg |= CFopsize;            // operand size
4607             if (npushes <= 4)
4608             {
4609                 assert(!doneoff);
4610                 for (; npushes > 1; --npushes)
4611                 {
4612                     cdb.genc1(0xFF, buildModregrm(2, 6, rm), FLconst, pushsize * (npushes - 1));  // PUSH [reg]
4613                     code_orflag(cdb.last(),seg);
4614                     cdb.genadjesp(pushsize);
4615                 }
4616                 cdb.gen2(0xFF,buildModregrm(0, 6, rm));     // PUSH [reg]
4617                 cdb.last().Iflags |= seg;
4618                 cdb.genadjesp(pushsize);
4619             }
4620             else if (sz)
4621             {
4622                 getregs_imm(cdb, mCX | retregs);
4623                                                     // MOV CX,sz/2
4624                 movregconst(cdb, CX, npushes, 0);
4625                 if (!doneoff)
4626                 {   // This should be done when
4627                     // reg is loaded. Fix later
4628                                                     // ADD reg,sz-pushsize
4629                     cdb.genc2(0x81, grex | modregrmx(3, 0, reg), sz-pushsize);
4630                 }
4631                 getregs(cdb,mCX);                       // the LOOP decrements it
4632                 cdb.gen2(0xFF, buildModregrm(0, 6, rm));   // PUSH [reg]
4633                 cdb.last().Iflags |= seg | CFtarg2;
4634                 code* c3 = cdb.last();
4635                 cdb.genc2(0x81,grex | buildModregrm(3, 5,reg), pushsize);  // SUB reg,pushsize
4636                 if (I16 || config.flags4 & CFG4space)
4637                     genjmp(cdb,0xE2,FLcode,cast(block *)c3);// LOOP c3
4638                 else
4639                 {
4640                     if (I64)
4641                         cdb.gen2(0xFF, modregrm(3, 1, CX));// DEC CX
4642                     else
4643                         cdb.gen1(0x48 + CX);            // DEC CX
4644                     genjmp(cdb, JNE, FLcode, cast(block *)c3); // JNE c3
4645                 }
4646                 regimmed_set(CX,0);
4647                 cdb.genadjesp(cast(int)sz);
4648             }
4649             stackpush += sz;
4650             freenode(e);
4651             return;
4652         }
4653 
4654         case OPind:
4655             if (!e.Ecount)                         /* if *e1       */
4656             {
4657                 if (sz < REGSIZE)
4658                 {
4659                     /* Don't push REGSIZE quantity because it may
4660                      * straddle past the end of valid memory
4661                      */
4662                     break;
4663                 }
4664                 if (sz == REGSIZE)
4665                     goto case OPvar;    // handle it with loadea()
4666 
4667                 // Avoid PUSH MEM on the Pentium when optimizing for speed
4668                 if (config.flags4 & CFG4speed &&
4669                     (config.target_cpu >= TARGET_80486 &&
4670                      config.target_cpu <= TARGET_PentiumMMX) &&
4671                     sz <= 2 * REGSIZE &&
4672                     !tyfloating(tym))
4673                     break;
4674 
4675                 if (tym == TYldouble || tym == TYildouble || tycomplex(tym))
4676                     break;
4677 
4678                 code cs;
4679                 cs.Iflags = 0;
4680                 cs.Irex = 0;
4681                 if (I32)
4682                 {
4683                     assert(sz >= REGSIZE * 2);
4684                     loadea(cdb, e, &cs, 0xFF, 6, sz - REGSIZE, 0, 0); // PUSH EA+4
4685                     cdb.genadjesp(REGSIZE);
4686                     stackpush += REGSIZE;
4687                     sz -= REGSIZE;
4688 
4689                     if (sz > REGSIZE)
4690                     {
4691                         while (sz)
4692                         {
4693                             cs.IEV1.Voffset -= REGSIZE;
4694                             cdb.gen(&cs);                    // PUSH EA+...
4695                             cdb.genadjesp(REGSIZE);
4696                             stackpush += REGSIZE;
4697                             sz -= REGSIZE;
4698                         }
4699                         freenode(e);
4700                         return;
4701                     }
4702                 }
4703                 else
4704                 {
4705                     if (sz == DOUBLESIZE)
4706                     {
4707                         loadea(cdb, e, &cs, 0xFF, 6, DOUBLESIZE - REGSIZE, 0, 0); // PUSH EA+6
4708                         cs.IEV1.Voffset -= REGSIZE;
4709                         cdb.gen(&cs);                    // PUSH EA+4
4710                         cdb.genadjesp(REGSIZE);
4711                         getlvalue_lsw(&cs);
4712                         cdb.gen(&cs);                    // PUSH EA+2
4713                     }
4714                     else /* TYlong */
4715                         loadea(cdb, e, &cs, 0xFF, 6, REGSIZE, 0, 0); // PUSH EA+2
4716                     cdb.genadjesp(REGSIZE);
4717                 }
4718                 stackpush += sz;
4719                 getlvalue_lsw(&cs);
4720                 cdb.gen(&cs);                            // PUSH EA
4721                 cdb.genadjesp(REGSIZE);
4722                 freenode(e);
4723                 return;
4724             }
4725             break;
4726 
4727         case OPnp_fp:
4728             if (!e.Ecount)                         /* if (far *)e1 */
4729             {
4730                 elem* e1 = e.EV.E1;
4731                 tym_t tym1 = tybasic(e1.Ety);
4732                 /* BUG: what about pointers to functions?   */
4733                 int segreg;
4734                 switch (tym1)
4735                 {
4736                     case TYnptr: segreg = 3<<3; break;
4737                     case TYcptr: segreg = 1<<3; break;
4738                     default:     segreg = 2<<3; break;
4739                 }
4740                 if (I32 && stackalign == 2)
4741                     cdb.gen1(0x66);                 // push a word
4742                 cdb.gen1(0x06 + segreg);            // PUSH SEGREG
4743                 if (I32 && stackalign == 2)
4744                     code_orflag(cdb.last(), CFopsize);        // push a word
4745                 cdb.genadjesp(stackalign);
4746                 stackpush += stackalign;
4747                 pushParams(cdb, e1, stackalign, tyf);
4748                 freenode(e);
4749                 return;
4750             }
4751             break;
4752 
4753         case OPrelconst:
4754             if (config.exe & EX_segmented)
4755             {
4756                 /* Determine if we can just push the segment register           */
4757                 /* Test size of type rather than TYfptr because of (long)(&v)   */
4758                 Symbol* s = e.EV.Vsym;
4759                 //if (sytab[s.Sclass] & SCSS && !I32)  // if variable is on stack
4760                 //    needframe = true;                 // then we need stack frame
4761                 int fl;
4762                 if (_tysize[tym] == tysize(TYfptr) &&
4763                     (fl = s.Sfl) != FLfardata &&
4764                     /* not a function that CS might not be the segment of       */
4765                     (!((fl == FLfunc || s.ty() & mTYcs) &&
4766                       (s.Sclass == SCcomdat || s.Sclass == SCextern || s.Sclass == SCinline || config.wflags & WFthunk)) ||
4767                      (fl == FLfunc && config.exe == EX_DOSX)
4768                     )
4769                    )
4770                 {
4771                     stackpush += sz;
4772                     cdb.gen1(0x06 +           // PUSH SEGREG
4773                             (((fl == FLfunc || s.ty() & mTYcs) ? 1 : segfl[fl]) << 3));
4774                     cdb.genadjesp(REGSIZE);
4775 
4776                     if (config.target_cpu >= TARGET_80286 && !e.Ecount)
4777                     {
4778                         getoffset(cdb, e, STACK);
4779                         freenode(e);
4780                         return;
4781                     }
4782                     else
4783                     {
4784                         regm_t retregs;
4785                         offsetinreg(cdb, e, &retregs);
4786                         const reg = findreg(retregs);
4787                         genpush(cdb,reg);                    // PUSH reg
4788                         cdb.genadjesp(REGSIZE);
4789                     }
4790                     return;
4791                 }
4792                 if (config.target_cpu >= TARGET_80286 && !e.Ecount)
4793                 {
4794                     stackpush += sz;
4795                     if (_tysize[tym] == tysize(TYfptr))
4796                     {
4797                         // PUSH SEG e
4798                         cdb.gencs(0x68,0,FLextern,s);
4799                         cdb.last().Iflags = CFseg;
4800                         cdb.genadjesp(REGSIZE);
4801                     }
4802                     getoffset(cdb, e, STACK);
4803                     freenode(e);
4804                     return;
4805                 }
4806             }
4807             break;                          /* else must evaluate expression */
4808 
4809         case OPvar:
4810         L1:
4811             if (config.flags4 & CFG4speed &&
4812                      (config.target_cpu >= TARGET_80486 &&
4813                       config.target_cpu <= TARGET_PentiumMMX) &&
4814                      sz <= 2 * REGSIZE &&
4815                      !tyfloating(tym))
4816             {   // Avoid PUSH MEM on the Pentium when optimizing for speed
4817                 break;
4818             }
4819             else if (movOnly(e) || (tyxmmreg(tym) && config.fpxmmregs) || tyvector(tym))
4820                 break;                      // no PUSH MEM
4821             else
4822             {
4823                 int regsize = REGSIZE;
4824                 uint flag = 0;
4825                 if (I16 && config.target_cpu >= TARGET_80386 && sz > 2 &&
4826                     !e.Ecount)
4827                 {
4828                     regsize = 4;
4829                     flag |= CFopsize;
4830                 }
4831                 code cs;
4832                 cs.Iflags = 0;
4833                 cs.Irex = 0;
4834                 loadea(cdb, e, &cs, 0xFF, 6, sz - regsize, RMload, 0);    // PUSH EA+sz-2
4835                 code_orflag(cdb.last(), flag);
4836                 cdb.genadjesp(REGSIZE);
4837                 stackpush += sz;
4838                 while (cast(targ_int)(sz -= regsize) > 0)
4839                 {
4840                     loadea(cdb, e, &cs, 0xFF, 6, sz - regsize, RMload, 0);
4841                     code_orflag(cdb.last(), flag);
4842                     cdb.genadjesp(REGSIZE);
4843                 }
4844                 freenode(e);
4845                 return;
4846             }
4847 
4848         case OPconst:
4849         {
4850             char pushi = 0;
4851             uint flag = 0;
4852             int regsize = REGSIZE;
4853 
4854             if (tycomplex(tym))
4855                 break;
4856 
4857             if (I64 && tyfloating(tym) && sz > 4 && boolres(e))
4858                 // Can't push 64 bit non-zero args directly
4859                 break;
4860 
4861             if (I32 && szb == 10)           // special case for long double constants
4862             {
4863                 assert(sz == 12);
4864                 targ_int value = e.EV.Vushort8[4]; // pick upper 2 bytes of Vldouble
4865                 stackpush += sz;
4866                 cdb.genadjesp(cast(int)sz);
4867                 for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
4868                 {
4869                     reg_t reg;
4870                     if (reghasvalue(allregs, value, &reg))
4871                         cdb.gen1(0x50 + reg);           // PUSH reg
4872                     else
4873                         cdb.genc2(0x68,0,value);        // PUSH value
4874                     value = e.EV.Vulong4[i ^ 1];       // treat Vldouble as 2 element array of 32 bit uint
4875                 }
4876                 freenode(e);
4877                 return;
4878             }
4879 
4880             assert(I64 || sz <= tysize(TYldouble));
4881             int i = cast(int)sz;
4882             if (!I16 && i == 2)
4883                 flag = CFopsize;
4884 
4885             if (config.target_cpu >= TARGET_80286)
4886     //       && (e.Ecount == 0 || e.Ecount != e.Ecomsub))
4887             {
4888                 pushi = 1;
4889                 if (I16 && config.target_cpu >= TARGET_80386 && i >= 4)
4890                 {
4891                     regsize = 4;
4892                     flag = CFopsize;
4893                 }
4894             }
4895             else if (i == REGSIZE)
4896                 break;
4897 
4898             stackpush += sz;
4899             cdb.genadjesp(cast(int)sz);
4900             targ_uns* pi = &e.EV.Vuns;     // point to start of Vdouble
4901             targ_ushort* ps = cast(targ_ushort *) pi;
4902             targ_ullong* pl = cast(targ_ullong *)pi;
4903             i /= regsize;
4904             do
4905             {
4906                 if (i)                      /* be careful not to go negative */
4907                     i--;
4908 
4909                 targ_size_t value;
4910                 switch (regsize)
4911                 {
4912                     case 2:
4913                         value = ps[i];
4914                         break;
4915 
4916                     case 4:
4917                         if (tym == TYldouble || tym == TYildouble)
4918                             /* The size is 10 bytes, and since we have 2 bytes left over,
4919                              * just read those 2 bytes, not 4.
4920                              * Otherwise we're reading uninitialized data.
4921                              * I.e. read 4 bytes, 4 bytes, then 2 bytes
4922                              */
4923                             value = i == 2 ? ps[4] : pi[i]; // 80 bits
4924                         else
4925                             value = pi[i];
4926                         break;
4927 
4928                     case 8:
4929                         value = cast(targ_size_t)pl[i];
4930                         break;
4931 
4932                     default:
4933                         assert(0);
4934                 }
4935 
4936                 reg_t reg;
4937                 if (pushi)
4938                 {
4939                     if (I64 && regsize == 8 && value != cast(int)value)
4940                     {
4941                         regwithvalue(cdb,allregs,value,&reg,64);
4942                         goto Preg;          // cannot push imm64 unless it is sign extended 32 bit value
4943                     }
4944                     if (regsize == REGSIZE && reghasvalue(allregs,value,&reg))
4945                         goto Preg;
4946                     cdb.genc2((szb == 1) ? 0x6A : 0x68, 0, value); // PUSH value
4947                 }
4948                 else
4949                 {
4950                     regwithvalue(cdb, allregs, value, &reg, 0);
4951                 Preg:
4952                     genpush(cdb,reg);         // PUSH reg
4953                 }
4954                 code_orflag(cdb.last(), flag);              // operand size
4955             } while (i);
4956             freenode(e);
4957             return;
4958         }
4959 
4960         case OPpair:
4961         {
4962             if (e.Ecount)
4963                 break;
4964             const op1 = e.EV.E1.Eoper;
4965             const op2 = e.EV.E2.Eoper;
4966             if ((op1 == OPvar || op1 == OPconst || op1 == OPrelconst) &&
4967                 (op2 == OPvar || op2 == OPconst || op2 == OPrelconst))
4968             {
4969                 pushParams(cdb, e.EV.E2, stackalign, tyf);
4970                 pushParams(cdb, e.EV.E1, stackalign, tyf);
4971                 freenode(e);
4972             }
4973             else if (tyfloating(e.EV.E1.Ety) ||
4974                      tyfloating(e.EV.E2.Ety))
4975             {
4976                 // Need special handling because of order of evaluation of e1 and e2
4977                 break;
4978             }
4979             else
4980             {
4981                 regm_t regs = allregs;
4982                 codelem(cdb, e, &regs, false);
4983                 genpush(cdb, findregmsw(regs)); // PUSH msreg
4984                 genpush(cdb, findreglsw(regs)); // PUSH lsreg
4985                 cdb.genadjesp(cast(int)sz);
4986                 stackpush += sz;
4987             }
4988             return;
4989         }
4990 
4991         case OPrpair:
4992         {
4993             if (e.Ecount)
4994                 break;
4995             const op1 = e.EV.E1.Eoper;
4996             const op2 = e.EV.E2.Eoper;
4997             if ((op1 == OPvar || op1 == OPconst || op1 == OPrelconst) &&
4998                 (op2 == OPvar || op2 == OPconst || op2 == OPrelconst))
4999             {
5000                 pushParams(cdb, e.EV.E1, stackalign, tyf);
5001                 pushParams(cdb, e.EV.E2, stackalign, tyf);
5002                 freenode(e);
5003             }
5004             else if (tyfloating(e.EV.E1.Ety) ||
5005                      tyfloating(e.EV.E2.Ety))
5006             {
5007                 // Need special handling because of order of evaluation of e1 and e2
5008                 break;
5009             }
5010             else
5011             {
5012                 regm_t regs = allregs;
5013                 codelem(cdb, e, &regs, false);
5014                 genpush(cdb, findregmsw(regs)); // PUSH msreg
5015                 genpush(cdb, findreglsw(regs)); // PUSH lsreg
5016                 cdb.genadjesp(cast(int)sz);
5017                 stackpush += sz;
5018             }
5019             return;
5020         }
5021 
5022         default:
5023             break;
5024     }
5025 
5026     regm_t retregs = tybyte(tym) ? BYTEREGS : allregs;
5027     if (tyvector(tym) || (tyxmmreg(tym) && config.fpxmmregs))
5028     {
5029         regm_t retxmm = XMMREGS;
5030         codelem(cdb, e, &retxmm, false);
5031         stackpush += sz;
5032         cdb.genadjesp(cast(int)sz);
5033         cod3_stackadj(cdb, cast(int)sz);
5034         const op = xmmstore(tym);
5035         const r = findreg(retxmm);
5036         cdb.gen2sib(op, modregxrm(0, r - XMM0,4 ), modregrm(0, 4, SP));   // MOV [ESP],r
5037         checkSetVex(cdb.last(),tym);
5038         return;
5039     }
5040     else if (tyfloating(tym))
5041     {
5042         if (config.inline8087)
5043         {
5044             retregs = tycomplex(tym) ? mST01 : mST0;
5045             codelem(cdb, e, &retregs, false);
5046             stackpush += sz;
5047             cdb.genadjesp(cast(int)sz);
5048             cod3_stackadj(cdb, cast(int)sz);
5049             opcode_t op;
5050             uint r;
5051             switch (tym)
5052             {
5053                 case TYfloat:
5054                 case TYifloat:
5055                 case TYcfloat:
5056                     op = 0xD9;
5057                     r = 3;
5058                     break;
5059 
5060                 case TYdouble:
5061                 case TYidouble:
5062                 case TYdouble_alias:
5063                 case TYcdouble:
5064                     op = 0xDD;
5065                     r = 3;
5066                     break;
5067 
5068                 case TYldouble:
5069                 case TYildouble:
5070                 case TYcldouble:
5071                     op = 0xDB;
5072                     r = 7;
5073                     break;
5074 
5075                 default:
5076                     assert(0);
5077             }
5078             if (!I16)
5079             {
5080                 if (tycomplex(tym))
5081                 {
5082                     // FSTP sz/2[ESP]
5083                     cdb.genc1(op, (modregrm(0, 4, SP) << 8) | modregxrm(2, r, 4),FLconst, sz/2);
5084                     pop87();
5085                 }
5086                 pop87();
5087                 cdb.gen2sib(op, modregrm(0, r, 4),modregrm(0, 4, SP));   // FSTP [ESP]
5088             }
5089             else
5090             {
5091                 retregs = IDXREGS;                             // get an index reg
5092                 reg_t reg;
5093                 allocreg(cdb, &retregs, &reg, TYoffset);
5094                 genregs(cdb, 0x89, SP, reg);         // MOV reg,SP
5095                 pop87();
5096                 cdb.gen2(op, modregrm(0, r, regtorm[reg]));       // FSTP [reg]
5097             }
5098             if (LARGEDATA)
5099                 cdb.last().Iflags |= CFss;     // want to store into stack
5100             genfwait(cdb);         // FWAIT
5101             return;
5102         }
5103         else if (I16 && (tym == TYdouble || tym == TYdouble_alias))
5104             retregs = mSTACK;
5105     }
5106     else if (I16 && sz == 8)             // if long long
5107         retregs = mSTACK;
5108 
5109     scodelem(cdb,e,&retregs,0,true);
5110     if (retregs != mSTACK)                // if stackpush not already inc'd
5111         stackpush += sz;
5112     if (sz <= REGSIZE)
5113     {
5114         genpush(cdb,findreg(retregs));        // PUSH reg
5115         cdb.genadjesp(cast(int)REGSIZE);
5116     }
5117     else if (sz == REGSIZE * 2)
5118     {
5119         genpush(cdb,findregmsw(retregs));     // PUSH msreg
5120         genpush(cdb,findreglsw(retregs));     // PUSH lsreg
5121         cdb.genadjesp(cast(int)sz);
5122     }
5123 }
5124 
5125 /*******************************
5126  * Get offset portion of e, and store it in an index
5127  * register. Return mask of index register in *pretregs.
5128  */
5129 
5130 void offsetinreg(ref CodeBuilder cdb, elem* e, regm_t* pretregs)
5131 {
5132     reg_t reg;
5133     regm_t retregs = mLSW;                     // want only offset
5134     if (e.Ecount && e.Ecount != e.Ecomsub)
5135     {
5136         regm_t rm = retregs & regcon.cse.mval & ~regcon.cse.mops & ~regcon.mvar; /* possible regs */
5137         for (uint i = 0; rm; i++)
5138         {
5139             if (mask(i) & rm && regcon.cse.value[i] == e)
5140             {
5141                 *pretregs = mask(i);
5142                 getregs(cdb, *pretregs);
5143                 goto L3;
5144             }
5145             rm &= ~mask(i);
5146         }
5147     }
5148 
5149     *pretregs = retregs;
5150     allocreg(cdb, pretregs, &reg, TYoffset);
5151     getoffset(cdb,e,reg);
5152 L3:
5153     cssave(e, *pretregs,false);
5154     freenode(e);
5155 }
5156 
5157 /******************************
5158  * Generate code to load data into registers.
5159  */
5160 
5161 
5162 void loaddata(ref CodeBuilder cdb, elem* e, regm_t* pretregs)
5163 {
5164     reg_t reg;
5165     reg_t nreg;
5166     reg_t sreg;
5167     opcode_t op;
5168     tym_t tym;
5169     code cs;
5170     regm_t flags, forregs, regm;
5171 
5172     debug
5173     {
5174     //  if (debugw)
5175     //        printf("loaddata(e = %p,*pretregs = %s)\n",e,regm_str(*pretregs));
5176     //  elem_print(e);
5177     }
5178 
5179     assert(e);
5180     elem_debug(e);
5181     if (*pretregs == 0)
5182         return;
5183     tym = tybasic(e.Ety);
5184     if (tym == TYstruct)
5185     {
5186         cdrelconst(cdb,e,pretregs);
5187         return;
5188     }
5189     if (tyfloating(tym))
5190     {
5191         objmod.fltused();
5192         if (config.fpxmmregs &&
5193             (tym == TYcfloat || tym == TYcdouble) &&
5194             (*pretregs & (XMMREGS | mPSW))
5195            )
5196         {
5197             cloadxmm(cdb, e, pretregs);
5198             return;
5199         }
5200         else if (config.inline8087)
5201         {
5202             if (*pretregs & mST0)
5203             {
5204                 load87(cdb, e, 0, pretregs, null, -1);
5205                 return;
5206             }
5207             else if (tycomplex(tym))
5208             {
5209                 cload87(cdb, e, pretregs);
5210                 return;
5211             }
5212         }
5213     }
5214     int sz = _tysize[tym];
5215     cs.Iflags = 0;
5216     cs.Irex = 0;
5217     if (*pretregs == mPSW)
5218     {
5219         Symbol *s;
5220         regm = allregs;
5221         if (e.Eoper == OPconst)
5222         {       /* true:        OR SP,SP        (SP is never 0)         */
5223                 /* false:       CMP SP,SP       (always equal)          */
5224                 genregs(cdb, (boolres(e)) ? 0x09 : 0x39 , SP, SP);
5225                 if (I64)
5226                     code_orrex(cdb.last(), REX_W);
5227         }
5228         else if (e.Eoper == OPvar &&
5229             (s = e.EV.Vsym).Sfl == FLreg &&
5230             s.Sregm & XMMREGS &&
5231             (tym == TYfloat || tym == TYifloat || tym == TYdouble || tym ==TYidouble))
5232         {
5233             tstresult(cdb,s.Sregm,e.Ety,true);
5234         }
5235         else if (sz <= REGSIZE)
5236         {
5237             if (!I16 && (tym == TYfloat || tym == TYifloat))
5238             {
5239                 allocreg(cdb, &regm, &reg, TYoffset);   // get a register
5240                 loadea(cdb, e, &cs, 0x8B, reg, 0, 0, 0);    // MOV reg,data
5241                 cdb.gen2(0xD1,modregrmx(3,4,reg));           // SHL reg,1
5242             }
5243             else if (I64 && (tym == TYdouble || tym ==TYidouble))
5244             {
5245                 allocreg(cdb, &regm, &reg, TYoffset);   // get a register
5246                 loadea(cdb, e,&cs, 0x8B, reg, 0, 0, 0);    // MOV reg,data
5247                 // remove sign bit, so that -0.0 == 0.0
5248                 cdb.gen2(0xD1, modregrmx(3, 4, reg));           // SHL reg,1
5249                 code_orrex(cdb.last(), REX_W);
5250             }
5251             else if (TARGET_OSX && e.Eoper == OPvar && movOnly(e))
5252             {
5253                 allocreg(cdb, &regm, &reg, TYoffset);   // get a register
5254                 loadea(cdb, e, &cs, 0x8B, reg, 0, 0, 0);    // MOV reg,data
5255                 fixresult(cdb, e, regm, pretregs);
5256             }
5257             else
5258             {   cs.IFL2 = FLconst;
5259                 cs.IEV2.Vsize_t = 0;
5260                 op = (sz == 1) ? 0x80 : 0x81;
5261                 loadea(cdb, e, &cs, op, 7, 0, 0, 0);        // CMP EA,0
5262 
5263                 // Convert to TEST instruction if EA is a register
5264                 // (to avoid register contention on Pentium)
5265                 code *c = cdb.last();
5266                 if ((c.Iop & ~1) == 0x38 &&
5267                     (c.Irm & modregrm(3, 0, 0)) == modregrm(3, 0, 0)
5268                    )
5269                 {
5270                     c.Iop = (c.Iop & 1) | 0x84;
5271                     code_newreg(c, c.Irm & 7);
5272                     if (c.Irex & REX_B)
5273                         //c.Irex = (c.Irex & ~REX_B) | REX_R;
5274                         c.Irex |= REX_R;
5275                 }
5276             }
5277         }
5278         else if (sz < 8)
5279         {
5280             allocreg(cdb, &regm, &reg, TYoffset);  // get a register
5281             if (I32)                                    // it's a 48 bit pointer
5282                 loadea(cdb, e, &cs, MOVZXw, reg, REGSIZE, 0, 0); // MOVZX reg,data+4
5283             else
5284             {
5285                 loadea(cdb, e, &cs, 0x8B, reg, REGSIZE, 0, 0); // MOV reg,data+2
5286                 if (tym == TYfloat || tym == TYifloat)       // dump sign bit
5287                     cdb.gen2(0xD1, modregrm(3, 4, reg));        // SHL reg,1
5288             }
5289             loadea(cdb,e,&cs,0x0B,reg,0,regm,0);     // OR reg,data
5290         }
5291         else if (sz == 8 || (I64 && sz == 2 * REGSIZE && !tyfloating(tym)))
5292         {
5293             allocreg(cdb, &regm, &reg, TYoffset);       // get a register
5294             int i = sz - REGSIZE;
5295             loadea(cdb, e, &cs, 0x8B, reg, i, 0, 0);        // MOV reg,data+6
5296             if (tyfloating(tym))                             // TYdouble or TYdouble_alias
5297                 cdb.gen2(0xD1, modregrm(3, 4, reg));            // SHL reg,1
5298 
5299             while ((i -= REGSIZE) >= 0)
5300             {
5301                 loadea(cdb, e, &cs, 0x0B, reg, i, regm, 0); // OR reg,data+i
5302                 code *c = cdb.last();
5303                 if (i == 0)
5304                     c.Iflags |= CFpsw;                      // need the flags on last OR
5305             }
5306         }
5307         else if (sz == tysize(TYldouble))               // TYldouble
5308             load87(cdb, e, 0, pretregs, null, -1);
5309         else
5310         {
5311             elem_print(e);
5312             assert(0);
5313         }
5314         return;
5315     }
5316     /* not for flags only */
5317     flags = *pretregs & mPSW;             /* save original                */
5318     forregs = *pretregs & (mBP | ALLREGS | mES | XMMREGS);
5319     if (*pretregs & mSTACK)
5320         forregs |= DOUBLEREGS;
5321     if (e.Eoper == OPconst)
5322     {
5323         targ_size_t value = e.EV.Vint;
5324         if (sz == 8)
5325             value = cast(targ_size_t)e.EV.Vullong;
5326 
5327         if (sz == REGSIZE && reghasvalue(forregs, value, &reg))
5328             forregs = mask(reg);
5329 
5330         regm_t save = regcon.immed.mval;
5331         allocreg(cdb, &forregs, &reg, tym);        // allocate registers
5332         regcon.immed.mval = save;               // KLUDGE!
5333         if (sz <= REGSIZE)
5334         {
5335             if (sz == 1)
5336                 flags |= 1;
5337             else if (!I16 && sz == SHORTSIZE &&
5338                      !(mask(reg) & regcon.mvar) &&
5339                      !(config.flags4 & CFG4speed)
5340                     )
5341                 flags |= 2;
5342             if (sz == 8)
5343                 flags |= 64;
5344             if (isXMMreg(reg))
5345             {   /* This comes about because 0, 1, pi, etc., constants don't get stored
5346                  * in the data segment, because they are x87 opcodes.
5347                  * Not so efficient. We should at least do a PXOR for 0.
5348                  */
5349                 reg_t r;
5350                 targ_size_t unsvalue = e.EV.Vuns;
5351                 if (sz == 8)
5352                     unsvalue = cast(targ_size_t)e.EV.Vullong;
5353                 regwithvalue(cdb,ALLREGS, unsvalue,&r,flags);
5354                 flags = 0;                          // flags are already set
5355                 cdb.genfltreg(0x89, r, 0);            // MOV floatreg,r
5356                 if (sz == 8)
5357                     code_orrex(cdb.last(), REX_W);
5358                 assert(sz == 4 || sz == 8);         // float or double
5359                 const opmv = xmmload(tym);
5360                 cdb.genxmmreg(opmv, reg, 0, tym);        // MOVSS/MOVSD XMMreg,floatreg
5361             }
5362             else
5363             {
5364                 movregconst(cdb, reg, value, flags);
5365                 flags = 0;                          // flags are already set
5366             }
5367         }
5368         else if (sz < 8)        // far pointers, longs for 16 bit targets
5369         {
5370             targ_int msw = I32 ? e.EV.Vseg
5371                         : (e.EV.Vulong >> 16);
5372             targ_int lsw = e.EV.Voff;
5373             regm_t mswflags = 0;
5374             if (forregs & mES)
5375             {
5376                 movregconst(cdb, reg, msw, 0); // MOV reg,segment
5377                 genregs(cdb, 0x8E, 0, reg);    // MOV ES,reg
5378                 msw = lsw;                               // MOV reg,offset
5379             }
5380             else
5381             {
5382                 sreg = findreglsw(forregs);
5383                 movregconst(cdb, sreg, lsw, 0);
5384                 reg = findregmsw(forregs);
5385                 /* Decide if we need to set flags when we load msw      */
5386                 if (flags && (msw && msw|lsw || !(msw|lsw)))
5387                 {   mswflags = mPSW;
5388                     flags = 0;
5389                 }
5390             }
5391             movregconst(cdb, reg, msw, mswflags);
5392         }
5393         else if (sz == 8)
5394         {
5395             if (I32)
5396             {
5397                 targ_long *p = cast(targ_long *)cast(void*)&e.EV.Vdouble;
5398                 if (isXMMreg(reg))
5399                 {   /* This comes about because 0, 1, pi, etc., constants don't get stored
5400                      * in the data segment, because they are x87 opcodes.
5401                      * Not so efficient. We should at least do a PXOR for 0.
5402                      */
5403                     reg_t r;
5404                     regm_t rm = ALLREGS;
5405                     allocreg(cdb, &rm, &r, TYint);    // allocate scratch register
5406                     movregconst(cdb, r, p[0], 0);
5407                     cdb.genfltreg(0x89, r, 0);               // MOV floatreg,r
5408                     movregconst(cdb, r, p[1], 0);
5409                     cdb.genfltreg(0x89, r, 4);               // MOV floatreg+4,r
5410 
5411                     const opmv = xmmload(tym);
5412                     cdb.genxmmreg(opmv, reg, 0, tym);           // MOVSS/MOVSD XMMreg,floatreg
5413                 }
5414                 else
5415                 {
5416                     movregconst(cdb, findreglsw(forregs) ,p[0], 0);
5417                     movregconst(cdb, findregmsw(forregs) ,p[1], 0);
5418                 }
5419             }
5420             else
5421             {   targ_short *p = &e.EV.Vshort;  // point to start of Vdouble
5422 
5423                 assert(reg == AX);
5424                 movregconst(cdb, AX, p[3], 0);   // MOV AX,p[3]
5425                 movregconst(cdb, DX, p[0], 0);
5426                 movregconst(cdb, CX, p[1], 0);
5427                 movregconst(cdb, BX, p[2], 0);
5428             }
5429         }
5430         else if (I64 && sz == 16)
5431         {
5432             movregconst(cdb, findreglsw(forregs), cast(targ_size_t)e.EV.Vcent.lsw, 64);
5433             movregconst(cdb, findregmsw(forregs), cast(targ_size_t)e.EV.Vcent.msw, 64);
5434         }
5435         else
5436             assert(0);
5437         // Flags may already be set
5438         *pretregs &= flags | ~mPSW;
5439         fixresult(cdb, e, forregs, pretregs);
5440         return;
5441     }
5442     else
5443     {
5444         // See if we can use register that parameter was passed in
5445         if (regcon.params &&
5446             regParamInPreg(e.EV.Vsym) &&
5447             !anyiasm &&   // may have written to the memory for the parameter
5448             (regcon.params & mask(e.EV.Vsym.Spreg) && e.EV.Voffset == 0 ||
5449              regcon.params & mask(e.EV.Vsym.Spreg2) && e.EV.Voffset == REGSIZE) &&
5450             sz <= REGSIZE)                  // make sure no 'paint' to a larger size happened
5451         {
5452             reg = e.EV.Voffset ? e.EV.Vsym.Spreg2 : e.EV.Vsym.Spreg;
5453             forregs = mask(reg);
5454 
5455             if (debugr)
5456                 printf("%s.%d is fastpar and using register %s\n",
5457                        e.EV.Vsym.Sident.ptr,
5458                        cast(int)e.EV.Voffset,
5459                        regm_str(forregs));
5460 
5461             mfuncreg &= ~forregs;
5462             regcon.used |= forregs;
5463             fixresult(cdb,e,forregs,pretregs);
5464             return;
5465         }
5466 
5467         allocreg(cdb, &forregs, &reg, tym);            // allocate registers
5468 
5469         if (sz == 1)
5470         {   regm_t nregm;
5471 
5472             debug
5473             if (!(forregs & BYTEREGS))
5474             {   elem_print(e);
5475                     printf("forregs = %s\n", regm_str(forregs));
5476             }
5477 
5478             opcode_t opmv = 0x8A;                               // byte MOV
5479             if (config.exe & (EX_OSX | EX_OSX64))
5480             {
5481                 if (movOnly(e))
5482                     opmv = 0x8B;
5483             }
5484             assert(forregs & BYTEREGS);
5485             if (!I16)
5486             {
5487                 if (config.target_cpu >= TARGET_PentiumPro && config.flags4 & CFG4speed &&
5488                     // Workaround for OSX linker bug:
5489                     //   ld: GOT load reloc does not point to a movq instruction in test42 for x86_64
5490                     !(config.exe & EX_OSX64 && !(sytab[e.EV.Vsym.Sclass] & SCSS))
5491                    )
5492                 {
5493 //                    opmv = tyuns(tym) ? MOVZXb : MOVSXb;      // MOVZX/MOVSX
5494                 }
5495                 loadea(cdb, e, &cs, opmv, reg, 0, 0, 0);     // MOV regL,data
5496             }
5497             else
5498             {
5499                 nregm = tyuns(tym) ? BYTEREGS : cast(regm_t) mAX;
5500                 if (*pretregs & nregm)
5501                     nreg = reg;                             // already allocated
5502                 else
5503                     allocreg(cdb, &nregm, &nreg, tym);
5504                 loadea(cdb, e, &cs, opmv, nreg, 0, 0, 0);    // MOV nregL,data
5505                 if (reg != nreg)
5506                 {
5507                     genmovreg(cdb, reg, nreg);   // MOV reg,nreg
5508                     cssave(e, mask(nreg), false);
5509                 }
5510             }
5511         }
5512         else if (forregs & XMMREGS)
5513         {
5514             // Can't load from registers directly to XMM regs
5515             //e.EV.Vsym.Sflags &= ~GTregcand;
5516 
5517             opcode_t opmv = xmmload(tym, xmmIsAligned(e));
5518             if (e.Eoper == OPvar)
5519             {
5520                 Symbol *s = e.EV.Vsym;
5521                 if (s.Sfl == FLreg && !(mask(s.Sreglsw) & XMMREGS))
5522                 {   opmv = LODD;          // MOVD/MOVQ
5523                     /* getlvalue() will unwind this and unregister s; could use a better solution */
5524                 }
5525             }
5526             loadea(cdb, e, &cs, opmv, reg, 0, RMload, 0); // MOVSS/MOVSD reg,data
5527             checkSetVex(cdb.last(),tym);
5528         }
5529         else if (sz <= REGSIZE)
5530         {
5531             opcode_t opmv = 0x8B;                     // MOV reg,data
5532             if (sz == 2 && !I16 && config.target_cpu >= TARGET_PentiumPro &&
5533                 // Workaround for OSX linker bug:
5534                 //   ld: GOT load reloc does not point to a movq instruction in test42 for x86_64
5535                 !(config.exe & EX_OSX64 && !(sytab[e.EV.Vsym.Sclass] & SCSS))
5536                )
5537             {
5538 //                opmv = tyuns(tym) ? MOVZXw : MOVSXw;  // MOVZX/MOVSX
5539             }
5540             loadea(cdb, e, &cs, opmv, reg, 0, RMload, 0);
5541         }
5542         else if (sz <= 2 * REGSIZE && forregs & mES)
5543         {
5544             loadea(cdb, e, &cs, 0xC4, reg, 0, 0, mES);    // LES data
5545         }
5546         else if (sz <= 2 * REGSIZE)
5547         {
5548             if (I32 && sz == 8 &&
5549                 (*pretregs & (mSTACK | mPSW)) == mSTACK)
5550             {
5551                 assert(0);
5552     /+
5553                 /* Note that we allocreg(DOUBLEREGS) needlessly     */
5554                 stackchanged = 1;
5555                 int i = DOUBLESIZE - REGSIZE;
5556                 do
5557                 {
5558                     loadea(cdb,e,&cs,0xFF,6,i,0,0); // PUSH EA+i
5559                     cdb.genadjesp(REGSIZE);
5560                     stackpush += REGSIZE;
5561                     i -= REGSIZE;
5562                 }
5563                 while (i >= 0);
5564                 return;
5565     +/
5566             }
5567 
5568             reg = findregmsw(forregs);
5569             loadea(cdb, e, &cs, 0x8B, reg, REGSIZE, forregs, 0); // MOV reg,data+2
5570             if (I32 && sz == REGSIZE + 2)
5571                 cdb.last().Iflags |= CFopsize;                   // seg is 16 bits
5572             reg = findreglsw(forregs);
5573             loadea(cdb, e, &cs, 0x8B, reg, 0, forregs, 0);       // MOV reg,data
5574         }
5575         else if (sz >= 8)
5576         {
5577             assert(!I32);
5578             if ((*pretregs & (mSTACK | mPSW)) == mSTACK)
5579             {
5580                 // Note that we allocreg(DOUBLEREGS) needlessly
5581                 stackchanged = 1;
5582                 int i = sz - REGSIZE;
5583                 do
5584                 {
5585                     loadea(cdb,e,&cs,0xFF,6,i,0,0); // PUSH EA+i
5586                     cdb.genadjesp(REGSIZE);
5587                     stackpush += REGSIZE;
5588                     i -= REGSIZE;
5589                 }
5590                 while (i >= 0);
5591                 return;
5592             }
5593             else
5594             {
5595                 assert(reg == AX);
5596                 loadea(cdb, e, &cs, 0x8B, AX, 6, 0,           0); // MOV AX,data+6
5597                 loadea(cdb, e, &cs, 0x8B, BX, 4, mAX,         0); // MOV BX,data+4
5598                 loadea(cdb, e, &cs, 0x8B, CX, 2, mAX|mBX,     0); // MOV CX,data+2
5599                 loadea(cdb, e, &cs, 0x8B, DX, 0, mAX|mCX|mCX, 0); // MOV DX,data
5600             }
5601         }
5602         else
5603             assert(0);
5604         // Flags may already be set
5605         *pretregs &= flags | ~mPSW;
5606         fixresult(cdb, e, forregs, pretregs);
5607         return;
5608     }
5609 }
5610 
5611 }